Greek and Roman

Stylobate

level on which columns stand

Cella

central room of the temple, everything important there

Colonnade/peristyle

in between columns

Top of columns

capitals

Doric

Disk, cylindrical with a taper, most simple

Ionic

Eyes, two circular elements on edges

Corinthian

Most detailed, very leafy/floral/natural

Caryatids

Column that is using the human figure

Fluting

the ridges/lines on the column

Frieze

above column/band around column, almost always has sculptural relief, tells a story

Pediment

triangular bit at the top, often has sculptural relief

Attributes of a Greek temple

Steps around temple, multiple entrance, fluted columns, marble

Attributes of a Roman temple

Steps on one side of the façade, single entrance, fluted columns, stone and marble, arches,

Photo guide:

Contrapasto

Pose where weight is on one leg, free and engaged leg

Lightwells

Holes in ceiling to give light, also distributed rainwater around the building

Fresco

Painting into the plaster, needed to be done fast before it dried

Coffered dome/ceiling

square cutouts

Oculus

Opening in ceiling, circular