International Relations

Huntington

Post Cold War conflict will not be ideological or economic, but CULTURAL

Sovereignty

The supreme power over a specified region and/or population

Realism

Anarchic nature of the international system, struggle for power among states

Classical Realism

Anarchic state stems from human nature (Morganthau)

Neorealism

The anarchic state is a result of the structure of the international system (Waltz)

Defensive Realism

Stability is a result of the anarchic system as states “balance each other out” (Also Waltz)

Offensive Realism

States are driven by an aggressive struggle for power (Mearsheimer)

Hobbes

Leviathan, No sovereign = anarchy

Morganthau

Be sober about politics, do not involve ethics

Waltz

Anarchy is a structural feature of international system, not caused by human nature

Mearsheimer

States are seeking to become hegemonic and are aggressive

Hegemony

Political,, economic, cultural, or military dominance of one group over another

Liberalism

State legitimacy is derived from the consent of the governed

Kant

Humans have an innate right to freedom and capcity to use reason. Republican constitution (elected individuals) and institutions prevent anarchy

Angell

Large networks of trade and economic fronteirs disincentivize warfare

Keohane

Neoliberal Institutionalism, institutions can be used to promote peace by constraining corrupt influences of power

Constructivism

Our social world is mediated by the meanings we give it

Tickner

Feminism in IR, IR gets distorted if approached from a masculinist perspective

Wars of Constitution

Violence to reshape international system

Wars of Position

Violence for the sake of control or survival among established political powers

Wars of State Making

Conflicts between elites for control over a given territory or use violence against their own people

Terrorism

Violence used by clandestine groups to exert policy or institutional change or undermine existing systems + institutions

Wieviorka

How terrorism has changed over time from classical to global terrorism

Classical Terrorism

From 1960-1980, occured in the context of nation states, small and fragmented groups representing the “working class”, directly political ideology

Global Terrorism

Current day, blurs national boundaries, works in transnational networks, embraces ideology that’s “mythical” or world transformative

4th Generation of Warfare

Expansion of battlefield, dispersed strategy, emphasis on smaller manueverable groups, focus on collapsing enemy from within

Lindt

Talked about the changing nature of warfare (types of wars)

Treaty of Westphalia

Agreements that ended the Thirty Years’ War and Eighty Years’ War. Created principle that each state has exclusive authority over its domestic affairs and territory without external interference

Hard Power

War/Aggression

Soft Power

Economicss, culture, policy (Joseph Nye)

Power

Ability to attain a desired outcome