Chemistry Definitions Ch.2 + 3

Yeast

________: variety of microorganism which converts glucose into ethanol.

Endothermic

________: chemical reaction which absorbs energy (in the form of heat) from the surrounding environment.

Incomplete combustion

________: partial burning of a substance to produce carbon monoxide (or solid carbon) and water.

Renewable

________: resource resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly.

Viscosity

________: resistance of a substance to flow.

Triglyceride

________: fat or oil composed of three fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone.

Hygroscopicity

________: ability to absorb water.

Fermentation

________: breakdown of a substance in the presence of microorganisms such as yeast.

Greenhouse

________ effect: process of the warming of the Earths lower atmosphere due to the increased quantities of gases, like carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane, in the air.

Transesterification

________: reaction that produces biodiesel.

Enthalpy

________: measurement of the internal energy of a system.

Coal

________: combustible fossil fuel formed by the partial decay of plant matter.

Exothermic

________: chemical reaction accompanied by the release of energy (in the form of heat)

Stoichiometry

________: study and calculations of mole ratios of substances involved in chemical reactions.

Biodiesel

________: fuel produced by the esterification of fats and oils in organic matter.

Pressure

________: force a gas exerts on the walls of its container.

Bioethanol

________: fuel produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter.

Biogas

________: gaseous fuel produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter.

Thermochemical equation

________: balanced stoichiometric equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH, of the reaction.

Petrodiesel

________: liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil.

Biofuel

________: fuel sourced from organic matter.

Carbon

________ neutral: fuel which does not result in a net production of carbon dioxide from sourcing or consumption.

Ideal gas

________: substance assumed to be composed of molecules of negligible volume with no.

Natural gas

________: fossil fuel consisting largely of hydrocarbons.

chemical reaction

Energy profile diagram: representation of the energy transformation of a(n) ________.

Fuel

________: substance that is used, usually combusted, that has energy stored in its bonds.

Standard Laboratory Conditions

________ (SLC): set of conditions used as a standard for experiments (25°C and 100 kPa)

Fuel

substance that is used, usually combusted, that has energy stored in its bonds

Fossil fuel

natural fuel that is formed in the earth from plant or animal remains

Coal

combustible fossil fuel formed by the partial decay of plant matter

Petrodiesel

liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil

Natural gas

fossil fuel consisting largely of hydrocarbons

Coal seam gas

natural gas sourced from coal deposits

Greenhouse effect

process of the warming of the Earths lower atmosphere due to the increased quantities of gases, like carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane, in the air

Non-renewable resource

resource that cannot be replenished as quickly as it is being consumed

Biofuel

fuel sourced from organic matter

Biogas

gaseous fuel produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter

Bioethanol

fuel produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter

Biodiesel

fuel produced by the esterification of fats and oils in organic matter

Carbon neutral

fuel which does not result in a net production of carbon dioxide from sourcing or consumption

Fermentation

breakdown of a substance in the presence of microorganisms such as yeast

Renewable

resource resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly

Transesterification

reaction that produces biodiesel

Triglyceride

fat or oil composed of three fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone

Yeast

variety of microorganism which converts glucose into ethanol

Viscosity

resistance of a substance to flow

Hygroscopicity

ability to absorb water

Chemical energy

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

Exothermic

chemical reaction accompanied by the release of energy (in the form of heat)

Endothermic

chemical reaction which absorbs energy (in the form of heat) from the surrounding environment

Enthalpy

measurement of the internal energy of a system

Complete combustion

reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Incomplete combustion

partial burning of a substance to produce carbon monoxide (or solid carbon) and water

Energy profile diagram

representation of the energy transformation of a chemical reaction

Activation energy

minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed

Heat of combustion

amount of heat released by the complete combustion of a substance

Specific heat capacity

c heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a given substance by 1°C

Thermochemical equation

balanced stoichiometric equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH, of the reaction

Gas

state of matter with no fixed shape or volume and which fills the available space

Ideal gas

substance assumed to be composed of molecules of negligible volume with no

Pressure

force a gas exerts on the walls of its container

Standard Laboratory Conditions (SLC)

set of conditions used as a standard for experiments (25°C and 100 kPa)

Stoichiometry

study and calculations of mole ratios of substances involved in chemical reactions

Hess's law

overall enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final stages