Chapter 8 Medical Terminology

female reproductive system

function is to keep ones genetic material in the world’s gene pool

ovum

female gamete

gynec/o

female

ovum

ov/o, ov/i, o/o, ovul/i

Obstetrician 

medical doctors who treat women during pregnancy, deliver infants, and follow women through the postpartum period

many are also trained to gynecologist

gynecologist

Medical doctors who monitor health and treat disorders of the female reproductive system

Midwives

Healthcare providers, usually nurses, who assist women through Labor and Delivery

Doulas

Care for a pregnant mother through Labor and delivery, and they may also provide care after delivery for the mother and baby

menarche

first menstrual period

menopause

cessation to menstruation

ovaries

Small almond shaped, paired organs located on either side of the uterus and the female pelvic cavity

Fallopian tubes

the ducts that convey the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

“oviducts” “uterine tubes”

follicles

Tiny secretory sacs within an ovary

Pituitary gland

endocrine gland located in the cranial activity, secretes 2 hormones that influence the activity of the  ovaries

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

causes the ovarian follicles to begin to mature and secrete estrogen

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Caused by increase of estrogen in the bloodstream from FSH, LH is released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. LH stimulates the follicle to mature and release its ovum and Aid in the development of the corpus luteum

ovulation

release of ovum

corpus luteum

Structure responsible for secreting estrogen and progesterone

estrogen and progesterone

Hormones responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics and the cyclical maintenance of the uterus for pregnancy

Fraternal twins 

two eggs are released and fertilized by two sperm, will appear no more or less alike than brothers or sisters

Identical twins 

the one egg fertilized with one sperm that divides and forms 2 infants, will share same appearance and genetic material

fimbriae

Feathery ends of the fallopian tube, transports ovum to uterus

uterine adnexa  

accessory organs of the uterus 

 Perimetrium  

outer layer of the uterus

“serosa”

 Myometrium  

muscle layer of the uterus

Endometrium 

lining of the uterus

corpus

large central area

fundus

Raised area at the top of the uterus between the outlets for the fallopian tubes

cervix (Cx)

Narrowed lower area, often referred to as the neck of the uterus

cervical os

Opening of the cervix

 rectouterine pouch / Douglas cul-de-sac

space in the pelvic cavity between the uterus and the rectum

does not play a direct role in the female productive systems function

vulva

External female genitalia

orifice

Vaginal opening

hymen

Membrane covering  the opening of the vagina

Labia majora

larger folds

two folds of skin surrounding the opening of the vagina

 labia minora   smaller Folds

smaller Folds

two folds of skin surrounding the opening of the vagina

Clitoris

  sensitive, erectile tissue of the vagina

 Bartholin glands  

paired glands in the vulva that's a create a mucus lubricant for the vagina

mons pubis

Fatty cushion of tissue over the pubic bone

breasts

 mammary glands, function to secrete milk

nipple of the breast

mammary papilla

areola

Darker colored skin surrounding the nipple

Pregnancy 

begins with the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon, often in the fallopian tube, as the ovum travels towards the uterus

zygote

fertilized egg

morula

Solid ball of cells from repeated divisions

Human chorionic gonadotropin hCG  

function of the hormone is to prevent the corpus luteum from deteriorating, which allows the continued production of estrogen and progestogen to support the pregnancy and prevent menstruation 

embyro

From a third to the 8th week of life the organism is called

Fetus 

from the 9th through the 38th week of life it is called a

amnion

Inner sac that contains the embryo

chorion

outer sac that contains the embryo

amniotic fluid

Fluid that forms inside the amnion

Functions as a cushion to the embryo, protect it against temperature changes, and allow it to move

Placenta  

highly vascular structure that acts as a physical communication between the mother and the embryo

Umbilical cord

tissue that connects the embryo to the placenta  (hence to the mother)

when the baby is delivered the umbilical cord is cut

Umbilicus  

remaining Scar from cutting the umbilical cord

 Parturition  

delivery of an infant

 Primigravida

  woman who is pregnant for the first time

Multigravida 

woman who has had two or more pregnancies

Nulligravida  

woman who has never been pregnant

primipara

Woman who has delivered her first baby

multipara

Woman who delivers more than one baby

nullipara

A woman who has never delivered a child

antenatal/ prenatal

pertaining to before birth

postnatal

pertaining to after birth

antepartum

before delivery

postpartum

after delivery

puerperium

Approximate 6-week time period after childbirth

first stage of pregnancy

The longest and includes three parts, in early phase, and active phase, and a transitional face

Second stage of pregnancy 

time when the actual birth takes place and the umbilical cord is cut and clamped

Third stage of pregnancy  

the delivery of the placenta

amnion

amni/o, amnion/o

Bartholin gland

bartholin/o

birth, born

nat/o

breast

mamm/o, mast/o

cervix

cervic/o

clitoris

clitorid/o

endometrium

endometri/o

fallopian tube

salping/o, fallopi/o

female

gynec/o

fetus

fet/o

fundus

fund/o

hymen

hymen/o

labia

labi/o

menstruation, menses

men/o

milk

lact/o, galact/o

myometrium

myometri/o

nipple

papill/o, thel/e

ovary

oophor/o, ovari/o

ovum, egg

ov/o, ov/i, ovul/o, o/o

parturition, delivery

part/o

perimetrium

perimetri/o

perineum

perine/o

placenta

placent/o

pregnancy

gravid/o

puerperium

puerper/o

rectouterine pouch

culd/o

umbilicus, navel

omphal/o, umbilic/o

uterus

hyster/o, metri/o, metr/o, uter/o

vagina

colp/o, vagin/o

vulva

vulv/o, episi/o

mutli-

many