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Exponential decay
real, negative

Damped Sinusoidal behavior
imaginary, negative

damped sinusoidal (ringing)
imaginary, negative

Sustained oscillations
pure imaginary

exponential growing sinusoidal behavior (unstable)
imaginary, positive

unbounded exponential growth (unstable)
real, positive

Unbounded exponential growth (unstable)

Exponential growing sinusoidal behavior (unstable)

Sustained oscillations

Damped Sinusoidal behavior (ringing)

Damped Sinusoidal behavior

Exponential decay

When is a process unstable?
if a pole is on the right half of the plane

exponential decay
exponential decay


damped sinusoidal behavior
damped sinusoidal behavior


damped sinusoidal behavior (ringing)
damped sinusoidal behavior (ringing)


sustained oscillations
sustained oscillations


exponential growing sinusoidal behavior (unstable)
exponential growing sinusoidal behavior (unstable)


unbounded exponential growth (unstable)
unbounded exponential growth (unstable)
