lab 4: kingdom protista (quiz 2)

heterotrophic

gets food by eating other organisms or organic matter

phagocytosis

the process of a cell engulfing and swallowing solid food particles

autotrophic

makes it own food using light or chemicals (like photosynthesis)

mixotrophic

can make its own food via photosynthesis or eat other organisms depending on conditions

flagella

long, whip-like tails used for swimming

cilia

short hair-like structures that beat together to move a cell or sweep food

pseudopodia

false feet; used to crawl or trap food

endosymbiosis

a relationship where one organism lives inside the cell of another to their mutual benefit

tests

hard outer shells or skeletons that cover certain protists

axopodia

rigid needle-like pseudopodia supported by internal protein rods

kinetoplast

a dense mass of dna inside the single large mitochondrion of kinetoplastid protists

cytosome

the specialized cell mouth used by certain protists to ingest food

macronuclues

the large nucleus in ciliates that controls everyday cell operations and metabolism

micronuclei

the small nuclei in ciliates used exclusively for genetic exchange during reproduction

trichocyst

tiny spear-like structures under the cell surface that shoot out for defense or capturing prey

sporozoites

the infectious, mobile life stage of spore-forming parasites such as plasmodium

apicoplast

a non-photosynthetic plastid organelle essential for parasite survival in apicomplexans

merozoites

the stage of a parasite that emerges from liver/blood cells to infect more blood cells

multinucleated

containing multiple nuclei within a single cell or continuous mass of cytoplasm

aggregation

the coming together of individual single-celled organisms to form a group or mass

fruiting bodies

spore-producing reproductive structures formed by organisms like slime molds and fungi

paramylon

a unique carbohydrate starched-like storage molecule found in euglenoids

red tides

harmful algal blooms caused by rapid population explosions of toxic dinoflagellates

pennate

bilaterally symmetrical (elongated) diatoms

centric

radically symmetrical (round) diatoms

diatomaceous earth

crushed fossilized remains of silica-rich diatom shells used in filtration and insect control

fucoxanthin

a brown/yellow pigment that gives brown algae and diatoms their color

thallus

the complete unspecialized body of an alga or fungus that lacks true roots, stems, or leaves

holdfast

a root-like anchor that grounds algae to sea floor surfaces

stipe

stem-like structure that supports an alga's photosynthetic blades

blades

leaf-like structures of seaweeds that absorb light for photosynthesis

algin

gelatinous compound extracted from brown algae cell walls used as a thickening agent

phycocyanin

blue accessory pigment found in cyanobacteria and certain algae

phycoerythrin

red accessory pigment that allows red algae to photosynthesize in deep water

agar

gelatin-like substance extracted from red algae cell walls

carrageenan

thickening agent extracted from red algae