Social Studies: Human Rights, Ideologies, New Zealand Wars, and Disasters

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering human rights terminology, social ideologies, New Zealand Wars history, World War One, and geographic concepts and disaster studies.

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) signed?

The UDHR was signed on $10\text{ December }1948$.

How are "Human Rights" defined?

A moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way.

What is the definition of "Values"?

Values are the standards of behaviour and things that we think are important in our lives.

How is an "Ideology" defined?

A set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual. Ideologies are often a title you can give someone.

What is a "Viewpoint"?

The structured way in which we explain people's opinions, which includes their point of view and ideology.

What is a "Social Action"?

An action to try and effect change to address a social issue.

What is the definition of a "Social Issue"?

A problem facing a group or society.

How is "Leadership" defined?

The action of guiding and organising a group of people or an organisation.

What are the "Four Big Ideas" in the social action unit?

Leadership, reach, goals, and ethics.

What are three essential items that children living in poverty lack?

Shelter, proper food, and clean water.

What are the top three countries with the highest percentage of people living under $\$2.15$ a day?

Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and Mozambique.

What two initiatives does World Vision use to respond to global poverty?

The $40\text{ Hour Challenge}$ and the Sponsor a Child programme.

How many people has the iMoko programme supported?

iMoko has supported over $4000$ people.

How is "Reach" defined?

The extent or range effect or influence.

What are "Ethics"?

Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.

What is the "Poverty Cycle"?

A pattern in which individuals or families experience poverty and find it difficult to escape from it.

What is "Material Hardship"?

A non-income measure of poverty focusing on a household's inability to afford basic and essential items.

What does the Māori term "Taonga" mean?

An object or natural resource which is highly prized.

What is "Environmentalism"?

The broad philosophy and movement that is focused on protecting and conserving the environment from damage inflicted by humanity.

What is "Feminism"?

An ideology that advocates for the equality of the sexes in terms of opportunities, rights, and respect.

How did Nelson Mandela describe humanitarian action against poverty?

"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of justice."

What is "Pacifism"?

The belief that war and violence can never be justified and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

What social issues are championed by LeBron James and Taylor Swift?

LeBron James focuses on racial injustices and police brutality, while Taylor Swift focuses on young people voting in elections.

What are the four general causes of war identified in class?

Territory (control of land), Religion (having different religious beliefs to another group), Resources (to gain important supplies), and Social (to change how another group lives or behaves).

What is the difference between "Tino Rangatiratanga" and "Kāwanatanga"?

Tino Rangatiratanga refers to chiefly authority or sovereignty over people, lands, and taonga, while Kāwanatanga means governorship or governance.

What was the duration and what were the main causes of the Northern War?

Duration: $1845\text{--}1846$. Causes: Arguments over land, miscommunication, and false translation.

Why did Hone Heke repeatedly cut down the British flagpole at Russell?

The flagpole symbolised British control after the Treaty of Waitangi in $1840$, and cutting it down was a protest against the loss of Māori authority and British dominance.

What were the main causes of the Waikato War?

Power and Governor Grey trying to break the resistance of the Māori King.

What was the duration of the New Zealand Wars and the recorded loss of life?

Duration: $1845\text{--}1872$. Loss of life: $700$ British/Pākehā troops killed, and between $500\text{--}2000$ Māori casualties during the Waikato War.

How did Māori land ownership in the North Island change between $1860$ and $1890$?

In $1860$, Māori held about $80\%$ of the land in the North Island; by $1890$, they held only $40\%$.

What immediate event triggered the outbreak of World War One (WWI)?

The assassination of the heir to Austria's throne (Archduke Franz Ferdinand), which caused Austria to declare war on Serbia, alongside constant disputes over power.

What was the duration of World War One and how many soldiers did the Allies send?

Duration: $1914\text{--}1918$. The Allies sent $42\text{ million}$ soldiers to the war.

Which nations composed the Central Powers and the Allies during World War One?

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Allies: France, the UK, and Russia.

What are the "5 R's" (or 6 R's) of historical significance?

Remembered, Resulting in change, Relevance, Revealing, Resonant, and Remarkable.

What are the seven key geographic concepts?

Sustainability, Perspectives, Processes, Patterns, Interactions, Change, and Environment.

How is "Sustainability" defined as a geographic concept?

Adapting ways of thinking and behaving that allow people to meet their needs and aspirations without preventing future generations from meeting theirs.

How is "Environment" defined as a geographic concept?

The sum total of all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) elements—such as air, water, soil, plants, and sunlight—that naturally occur and interact to influence life on Earth.

What are the three steps of the disaster cycle?

1. Processes (Mitigation + preparedness)
2. Impacts (Event/disaster)
3. Responses (Response + recovery)

What does the acronym "SPENT" stand for in the context of disaster impacts?

Social, Political, Economic, Natural, and Technological.

In disaster response evaluation, what do the "3 S's" (Scale, Span, and Success) represent?

Scale: The extent of the response in terms of how far it reaches. Span: How long the response lasted, and how many/what groups of people it helped. Success: How effective and efficient a response is to a disaster.

When did Cyclone Gabrielle hit New Zealand, and which two groups were noted as responding?

Cyclone Gabrielle hit on $13\text{--}14\text{ February }2023$. Two responding groups were The Red Cross and the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF).

What is the geographic definition of an "Earthquake"?

The shaking of the Earth's surface caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust, usually due to movement along fault lines.