Bio 120 - Lab Manual #2

What is a condyle?

Rounded articular projection

What is a Crest?

Narrow Ridge of Bone

What is a facet?

Smooth, nearly flat articular facet

What is a fissure?

Slit like opening (skull)

What is a foramen?

Round/Oval like opening in bone

What is a fossa?

Shallow depression in bone

What is a groove?

Deep narrow depression

What is a head bone marking?

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

What is a line? (Bone Marking)

Narrow ridge of bone

What is a meatus?

Canal like passageway

What is a notch?

Indentation at edge of a structure

What is a process?

Any bony prominence

What is a ramus?

Armlike bar of bone

What is a sinus?

Air Filled/Mucous Membrane Lined Cavity in Bone

What is a spine?

Sharp, slender, pointed projection

What is a trochanter?

Large, blunt, irregular, shaped process

What is a tubercle?

Small rounded projection

What is a tuberosity?

Large, rounded projection

What is an epicondyle?

Above condyle

Give one area or bone where a trochanter can be found?

Femur

Give one area or bone where a line can be found?

Femur

Give one area where a condyle can be found?

Mandible

Give one area where an epicondyle can be found?

Femur

Give an area where a head (bone marking) can be found?

Rib

Give one area where a ramus can be found?

Mandible

Give one area where a spine can be found?

Vertebra

Give one area where a notch can be found?

Scapula

Give one area where a crest can be found?

Iliac

Give one area where a facet can be found?

C1: Atlas

Give one area where a tubercle can be found?

Humerus

Give one area where a fissure can be found?

Sphenoid

Give one area where a meatus can be found?

Tympanic Region of Temporal Bone of Skull

Give one area where a Sinus can be found?

Ethmoid

Give one area where a fossa can be found?

Scapula

Give one area where a groove can be found?

Radius

Give one area where a process can be found?

Scapula

Give one area where a foramen can be found?

Mandible

Give one area where a tuberosity can be found?

Humerus

____________ ARE FIBROUS BANDS THAT FORM BETWEEN THE SURFACES WHERE BONES MEET

Adhesions

_________IS AN INFECTION OF THE MASTOID PROCESS

Mastoiditis

_____________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE SINUSES

Sinusitis

______________ IS LITERALLY "WATER ON THE KNEE" DUE TO HARD BLOW TO THE KNEE/ DAMAGE/ INFLAMMATION OF BURSAE

Bursitis

______________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES DUE TO INFECTION

Meningitis

A ____________ IS THE EXCESSIVE STRETCHING OR TEARING AWAY OF LIGAMENTS REINFORCING A JOINT FROM THEIR BONY ATTACHMENT

Sprain

A _____________ IS THE FORCING OF A BONE FROM IT'S NORMAL POSITION, USUALLY WITH RESPECT TO AN ARTICULATION POINT / SYNOVIAL JOINT

Dislocation

A___________ IS ANY EXTRANEOUS BONE GROWTH IN ALONG THE EDGES OF A JOINT

Spur

AN ABNORMALLY THIN EPIPHYSEAL PLATE INDICATES______________

Pituitary Dwarfism

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF GROWTH RETARDATION/PROBLEMS WITH LONG BONE GROWTH WHICH IS SEEN BY USING AN X-RAY

Pituitary Dwarfism

IN A ________________ THE NUCLEUS PULPOSUS HERNIATES THRU THE ANNULUS PORTION COMPRESSING ADJACENT NERVES

Herniated Disc

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES KYPHOSIS

Excessive Thoracic Curve towards anterior

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES LORDOSIS

Excessive Lumbar towards posterior

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES SCOLIOSIS

Excessive Lateral Curve

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF SINUSITIS?

Allergy

______________ IS A GRADUAL LOSS OF BONE MASS THAT RESULTS IN WEAK BONES

Osteoporosis

A CHRONIC DIETARY DEFICIENCY IN THE MINERAL ________ CONTRIBUTES TO THE CAUSE OF OSTEOPOROSIS. (BE SPECIFIC)

Calcium

A DECREASE IN THE HORMONE ___________CONTRIBUTES TO OSTEOPOROSIS.

Estrogen

A DEFICIENCY IN VITAMIN ___________, CONTRIBUTES TO

OSTEOPOROSIS.

Vitamin D

AN ABNORMALLY BRITTLE AND PITTED TRABECULAE IN SPONGY BONE CAN ACCOMPANY WHICH DISEASE?

Osteoporosis

CHRONIC ________________ ABUSE CAN AFFECT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING OSTEOPOROSIS (BE SPECIFIC)

Drug/Alcohol

DEFINE: OSTEOPOROSIS

Brittle/Pitted trabeculae in spongy bone

IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS OSTEOPOROSIS MOST PREVALENT?

Elderly, menopause women

IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS OSTEOPOROSIS MOST PREVALENT?

Women aged 45-55

NAME A CHRONIC ILLNESS, MENTIONED IN LAB (IN HANDOUT), THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Anemia

TAKING WHICH DRUGS MAY CAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS (GIVE ONE)

Anticoagulants

WHAT IS THE ONE NATURAL CAUSE OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Menopause

WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE IS RECOMMENED TO DECREASE BONE LOSS AND PROMOTE BONE GROWTH

Lifting Weights

_________ FRACTURE IS A BREAK IN THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE RADIUS.

Colles

___________ FRACTURES SHATTER THE AFFECTED AREA INTO A MULTITUDE OF BONY FRAGMENTS.

Comminuted (Femur)

_______________ FRACTURES ARE PRODUCED BY TWISTING STRESSES THAT SPREAD ALONG THE LENGTH OF A BONE

Spiral (Tibia)

A _________ FRACTURE OCCURS IN VERTEBRAE SUBJECTED TO EXTREME STRESSES.

Compression (Vertebrae)

A ____________ FRACTURE PRODUCES NEW AND ABNORMAL BONE ARRANGEMENTS

Displaced (Ulna)

A _____________ FRACTURE BREAKS A SHAFT BONE ACROSS ITS LONG AXIS

Transverse (Ulna)

AN ___________ FRACTURE TENDS TO OCCUR WHERE THE BONE MATRIX IS UNDERGOING CALCIFICATION AND CHONDROCYTES ARE DYING.

Epiphyseal (Femur)

IN ______________FRACTURES ONLY ONE SIDE OF THE SHAFT IS BROKEN AND THE OTHER IS BENT.

Greenstick (Radius)

_______________ IS A MOVEMENT OF A LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OR MEDIAN PLANE OF THE BODY

Abduction

_____________ IS MOVEMENT OF A LIMB TOWARDS THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY

Adduction

______________ ARE SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS

Amphiarthroses

GIVE TWO CHARACTERISTIC OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT

Separated by cavity, articulates bone ends

AN ____________ IS A JOINT, A PLACE WHERE TWO BONES MEET

Articulation

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT

Head of Femur to Acetabulum (Acetabulofemoral Joint)

______________ JOINTS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY A PLATE OR PAD OF CARTILAGE

Cartilaginous Joints

_____________ IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE DISTAL END OF A BONE IN A CIRCLE, TRACING A CONE WHILE THE PROXIMAL END REMAINS STATIONARY

Circumduction

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CONDYLOID JOINT

Metacarpophalangeal

WHEN A MUSCLE HAS A _____________, IT'S FIBERS SHORTEN, THE INSERTION MOVES TOWARDS THE ORIGIN

Contraction

______________ ARE FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

Diarthroses

_______________ IS A MOVEMENT OF ANKLE JOINT IN DORSAL DIRECTION (FOOT POINTS UPWARD)

Dorsiflexion

A _____________ IS THE FORCING OF A BONE FROM IT'S NORMAL POSITION, USUALLY WITH RESPECT TO AN ARTICULATION POINT / SYNOVIAL JOINT

Dislocation

____________ IS A LATERAL TURNING OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT

Eversion

_____________ IS A MOVEMENT THAT INCREASES THE ANGLE OF THE JOINT, AND INCREASES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BONES

Extension

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SYNDESMOSIS

Distal Tibiofibular joint

____________ JOINTS ARE JOINTS THAT ARE HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS TISSUE, MOSTLY SYNARTHROTIC

Fibrous

_____________ IS A MOVEMENT THAT DECREASES THE ANGLE OF THE JOINT REDUCING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BONES

Flexion

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A HINGE JOINT

Interphalangeal Joints

_____________ IS AN EXTENSION GREATER THEN 180 DEGRESS

Hyperextension

EVERY MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO BONE OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AT TWO POINTS, THE ORIGIN - THE STATIONARY, IMMOVABLE, OR LESS MOVABLE ATTACHMENT, AND THE - THE MOVABLE ATTACHMENT

Insertion

_____________ IS A MEDIAL TURNING OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT

Inversion

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SYNCHONDROSIS

Epiphyseal Plate

EVERY MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO BONE OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AT TWO POINTS, THE ________________ - THE STATIONARY, IMMOVABLE, OR LESS MOVABLE ATTACHMENT, AND THE INSERTION - THE MOVABLE ATTACHMENT

Origin

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PIVOT JOINT

Radioulnar

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PLANE JOINT

Acromioclavicular