chapter 13 study guide blood

bone marrow

myel/o

Bilirubin

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Hematopoietic stem cell

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Eosinophil

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Electrophoresis

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

Antigen

A substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

Fibrin

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Heparin

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Poikilocytosis

Cells are irregularly shaped

Neutropenia

A blood disorder caused by an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils

Erythroblast

Immature red blood cell

Myeloid

Relating to the spongy tissue inside bones known as bone marrow

Hemolysis

Destruction or breakdown of red blood cells

Iron deficiency anemia

Caused by a lack of iron which is required for hemoglobin production

Thalassemia

Inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

Hemolytic anemia

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Aplastic anemia

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Pernicious anemia

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Hemochromatosis

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Acute lymphoid leukemia

Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate

Hemophilia

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or IX necessary for blood clotting

Coagulation time

 Process of blood clotting 

Hematocrit

a test that measures the percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Albumin

Major protein found in blood

Red blood cell morphology

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

WBC differential

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces

Immunoglobins

Protein with antibody activity

Relapse

Sliding or falling back, as in return of illness after apparent recovery

Palliative

Relieving symptoms but not curing them

hemoglobin

Blood protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

plasma

liquid portion of blood

kary/o

nucleus

phag/o

to eat or swallow

meaning the same as thromb/o

coagul/o

ESR

The test measures the rate erythrocytes settle out of plasma

leukocytopenia

A deficiency of white blood cells

plasmapheresis

The term that means removal of plasma from the rest of the blood:

hematopoiesis

The term for formation of blood cells

coagulation time

The test measures the time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

multiple myeloma

The condition of malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

what is a reticulocyte

an immature erythrocyte

phagocyte

The term for a cell that ingests or engulfs other cells

red blood cell morphology

A blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of cells