The American revolution

Iroquois

Also known as the Haudenosaunee. They were a group of American Indian peoples who lived in upstate New York and neighboring lands. “Groups” shared a language, family, and certain ways of life. They allied with the British.

George Washington

Assigned to lead troops by General Dwinddle, attacked and defeated a small French force but then later had to surrender. This kicked off the French and Indian War. Led a skillfull retreat after the geerals death that saved half the army.

French and Indian war

1754-1763 Britain and its colonies defeated France and its American Indian allies, gaining control of Eastern North America.

Edward Braddock

Marched army into French and Indian ambush near Fort Duquense, and suffered. He eventually got killed in the French and indian ambush.

Pontiac’s rebellion

An uprising in 1763 by American Indians in the great lakes region.

Proclomation of 1763

A declaration by British king ordering all colonists to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Albany plan of union

Benjamin Franklin's 1754 proposal to form one government for a group of Britain’s colonies in North America.

Benjamin franklin

settled in Philly as a printer and printed newspapers and his own work (Join or Die) and drafted the Albany Plan of Union.

After battle of Saratoga, he was reflected in the open alliance between France and america

Salutary neglect

 A British policy in the early 1700s that allowed the colonies virtual self-rule as long as Great Britain profited economically

Stamp act

1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed items.

John Adams

An American colonial lawyer and write who became one of the foremost thinkers and activist among the Patriots. He spoke out against British tax laws and served as a delegate from MA to the first continental Congress.

Patrick Henry

A young Virginia patriot, lawyer and author. He used Enlightenment ideas of natural rights to draft a radical document, the Virginia resolves. Served of the committed of correspondence.

Sons of liberty

An organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Stamp Act and other British laws and taxes, led by Samuel Adams.

Boston Massacre

An incident on March 5th, 1700 in which British soldiers killed 5 colonists in Boston. 

Committees of correspondence

 A network of local groups that informed colonists of British measures and the opposition to them in the years before the Revolutionary War

Boston Tea party

 A protest against British taxes in which Bostonian protestors dumped tea into the harbor on December 16th, 1773.

intolerable acts

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies.

First continental congress

A group of delegates representing all the American colonies, except Georgia, that met in 1774.

Paul revere

He rode to Concord to warn colonists and patriots to take arms because the British were coming.

militia

Trained citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency

Loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War.

continental army

Army that represented the colonies during the Revolutionary War.

Thomas Paine

An english-american author and political thinker. Made the pamphlet, common sense to help bring support to the patriots cause.

Republic

Form of Government in which officials are elected by the people

Declaration of independence

Document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress and approved in 1776, that announced American Independence and explained the reasons for it

Thomas Jefferson

Joined the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1768 and began advertising for American independence in the 1770’s; represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress when he drafted and revised the Declaration of Independence

Natural rights

Universal rights (life, liberty, property) that the government can’t take away.

second continental congress

Assembly of delegates representing every colony that met in 1775 in Philadelphia following the battles of Lexington and Concord

William Howe

A general who served as commander in chief of British army. he led is troops to victory at bunkerhil and others. eventually resigned his command after losing to Washington at valley forge.

Mercenary

Professional soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army

Battle of trenton

1776 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental Army

Charles Cornwallis

Fought in the French and Indian War before sent to fight the Continental Army. He wo many victories in ew jersey ad soughcarolie. He got trapped and bottlenecked with his forced at Yorktown, where he surrendered to Washington.

Marquis de Lafayette

A French aristocrat who jou American Patriot cause. zzhe fight under general Washingtonand reute to frace in 1779 to persuade their king to send more French forces to help them. He helped trap genera Cornwallis I Yorktown.

Valley Forge

Location in Pennsylvania where General Washington’s army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778

Kings mountain

A 1780 Revolutionary War Battle in South Carolina in which patriots defeated a Loyalist militia

Yorktown

Site in Virginia where in 1781, General Cornwallis’ British forces surrendered to George Washington

Treaty of paris

1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary war and affirmed american independence

Manumisison

freeing someone from slavery

Monmouth

1778 Revolutionary war battle site in New Jersey where neither side won a clear victory

Why was England in debt?

The French and Indian war doubled england’s debt.

How did they seek to pay their debts in 170’s and 1770’s?

They taxed the colonists more and watched over them. They passed mulitple acts and taxes and laws.

-Procolomation of 1763: Restricting them from setting in more land to save military costs

-Passed multiple taxes like sugar act, quartering act, intolerable acts, stamp act

 What are 2 examples of each type of British oppression that impacted colonists on the road to revolution: financial and personal?

FINANCIAL:

-The Stamp Act (1765): Required a costly stamp on all papers (sparked the saying “no taxation without representation”

-The Townshend Acts (1767): Placed heavy taxes on imported goods that colonists used daily but could not manufacture by themselves.

PERSONAL:

-The Quartering Act (1765): Besides the fact they had to pay for another person in their home, they had a sense of hostile military in daily life as there was a standing army during a time of peace.

-Intolerable acts: Britain stripped them of self governance and put down direct laws. By replacing the local elected officials and banning town meetings, Britain directly seized control over colonists personal freedom.

What were some key ideas detailed in the Declaration of Independence?

-All people are created equal

-natural rights

-Gov. is run by the people

-right to revolution

Give examples of American military strategy that helped them win the war.

-Using quick retreats helped them move around more and adjust rather than head to head losses.

-Allied with france

-avoided open feilds

-Suprise attacks

Why was the Treaty of Paris significant?

It officially ended the war and affirmed the United states independent from Britain.