polytomic ions + nomenclature

Sulfate

SO4²-

Sulfite

SO3²-

Hydrogen sulfite

HSO3^-

Hydrogen sulfate

HSO4^-

Carbonate

CO3^-2

Bicarbonate

HCO3-

Hydronium

H3O+

Hydroxide

OH-

Ammonium

NH+4

Phosphate

PO4-3

Hydrogen phosphate

HPO4-2

Dihydrogen Phosphate

H2PO4-

Chlorite

ClO2-

Hypochlorite

ClO-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Perchlorate

ClO4-

Acetate

C2H3O2-

Cyanide

CN-

Nitrate

NO3-

Nitrite

NO2-

Base

A substance that releases Hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in water.

Acid

A substance that releases Hydronium ions H3O+ when dissolved in water.

Conjugate acid base pairs

consists of an acid and its corresponding base, which differ by a single proton (H+)

Polyatomic ion

ions which consist of more than one atom. For example, nitrate ion, NO₃^-

Metal and nonmetal

typically ionic bond

Nonmetal and Nonmetal

typically covalent bond

Amphoprotic

molecules or compounds that exhibit both thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior. This means they can form liquid crystals (LCs) in response to changes in temperature (thermotropic) and when dissolved in a solvent (lyotropic). 

Kw

Increases with temperature, auto ionization of water.

25C = 1.0×10^14-
80C = 2.4×10^-13
100C = 5.6×10^-15

Ionization

the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes

-ate prefix

Means ‘more’ Oxygens, used in Chlorate, Nitrate, Phosphate

-ite prefix

Means ‘less’ Oxygens, used in Chlorite, Nitrite, Phosphite

-ide prefix

-per + -ate prefix

Used in Perchlorate, most amount of oxygens possible.

-hypo + -ite prefix

Used in hypochlorite, means least amount of oxygens possible.

acid prefixes

• If the anion ends in 'ide', the name of the acid begins with the 'hydro' prefix. ...

• If the anion ends in 'ate', the acid name is the root followed by the suffix 'ic'. ...

• If the anion ends in 'ite', the acid name is the root followed by the 'ous' suffix.