hydraulics and pneumatics

__ is the force that stops, slows, or restricts the movement of fluid or devices in a fluid power system.

Resistance

___ energy is the energy of motion.

Kinetic

If a hydraulic cylinder needs to lift a
bridge beam that weighs 60,000 lb and the piston in the cylinder has a surface area of 113.10 sq in., then the hydraulic system must produce system pressure of blank PSI

530.50

Horsepower is a mechanical unit of measure equal to the force required to move 550 lb, ___ ft in ___ sec

1:1

Fluid mechanics is comprised of static energy and ___ energy.

Kinetic

A common form of inefficiency in a fluid power system is ___.
A) Leaks
B) Resistance to movement of mechanical devices
C) resistance in pipes and hoses
D) All of the above

All of the above

Energy from gears, belts, or pulleys is an example of ___ energy.

Mechanical

if 225kg of force is exerted on a hydraulic cylinder, it is equal to blank lb of force?

495

Blank Indicates the rate that work is done

Power

Pressure is typically measured in psi, bars, and blank

Kilopascals kPa

Most pump manufacturers recommend a vacuum rating less than or equal to __ in. Hg.

vacuum rating depends on the pump design and manufacturer specification

___ is anything that changes or ten
ds to change the state of rest or motion of a body.

Force

A ___ consists of a glass tube that is completely filled with mercury and closed on one end.

Mercury Barometer

The ___ pressure gauge is the most commonly used fluid power pressure gauge in industry.

Bourdon Tube

In a fluid power system, wasted energy is converted into heat and pressure drops.

True

Vacuum in a confined space is created when pressure is below 14.7 psia.

True

A circle with a diameter of 10 sq in. has an area of 100 sq in.

False

A Bourdon tube in its normal position is bent in the shape of the letter C.

True

A(n) __ is used to measure atmospheric pressure using a column of mercury

Mercury Barometer

The piston is the surface that makes contact with the pressure in a cylinder.

True

__ must be overcome to perform work.

Resistance

A(n) ___ pressure gauge converts fluid pressure into an electrical signal.

Digital

___ pressure is created by the weight of the atmosphere at sea level under standard air conditions.

Atmospheric

What is the surface area of the cap end of a piston with a diameter of 8"

50.2656 sq in

Digital pressure gauges are accurate from +-___% to ___%.

0.10-0.50

__ energy involves the addition of heat to make a particle or molecule move faster.

Thermal

__ is any pressure less than atmospheric pressure.

Vacuum

Fluid power system energy transmission is based on efficiency, power, and __

Work

__ states that when a force is applied to a confined fluid, the force is felt throughout the fluid undiminished.

Pascals Law

___ is the useful amount of output energy from a fluid power system compared to the amount of input energy

Fluid power system efficiency

What is the surface area of the cap end of a piston with a diameter of 6"?

28.2744 sq in

Sound energy is used in a fluid power system for troubleshooting purposes.

True

Cylinders and motors in a fluid power system are considered __

Actuators

A liquid is noncompressible and can assume the shape of a confined space.

True

Digital pressure gauges can operate on AC or DC power.

True

Energy can easily be created or destroyed.

False

Force is the movement of an object (in lb) over a distance (in ft).

False

Hydraulic pressure is created when fluid from a hydraulic pump meets: ________.

Resistance

___ is the capacity to do work

Energy

In fluid power systems, distance is typically measured in meters (m), although feet (ft) is sometimes used for specific situations.

False

How much pressure is created when a 22,000 lb load is applied to a 3" diameter cylinder?

3112.35 PSI

The strength of a vacuum depends on how far above 14.7 psia it is.

False

List four variables that affect pressure in a fluid power system

Force Area Flow Resistance

Total energy in a fluid power system has the ability to change back and forth between static energy and kinetic energy as many times as necessary.

True

___ pressure is the amount of pressure above the existing atmospheric pressure and is used to measure pressure inside a closed fluid power system

Gauge pressure

All hydraulic cylinders have a piston with a rod attached to one side.

True

___ is the number of unit squares equal to the surface of an object.

Area

When pressure is above 14.7 psia, a vacuum is created.

False

Pressure in a hydraulic system is the resistance to __

Flow

The amount of pressure required to move a cylinder with an attached load is the same for extension and retraction.

False

How much horsepower is required for the boom of a hydraulic grapple crane to lift a steel billet that weighs 1200 lb a distance of 12' into a gondola car in 6 sec?

4.36HP

Some pressure gauges take measurements in two scales.

True

Thermal energy is created in an efficient fluid power system.

False

A properly installed fluid power system is 100% efficient.

False

A(n) ___ pressure gauge has a tube that becomes straighter as pressure is increased.

Bourdon tube

It is impossible to have a fluid power system that is 100% efficient.

True

In a pneumatic system, air is considered to be a gas and not a fluid.

False it is a gas and a liquid

Schrader pressure gauges take measurements that are accurate to about +/- __ %

10%

A measurement on a vacuum gauge that reads of 3.0 inches of mercury (in Hg) is also equal to 29.92 psi.

False

___ is the amount of weight in lbs that a fluid power system must produce to move an object

Force

Bourdon tube pressure gauge housings are typically filled with oil to prevent damage to the tube, pointer, or linkage.

True

____ pressure is equal to the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure

Absolute PSIA

Absolute pressure can be used in systems that have vacuums to avoid using a negative number.

True

Pressure can be measured with a Schrader pressure gauge.

True

__ is used in a hydraulic system to allow fluid from the reservoir to travel into the pump.

vacuum

The blank color in a cut-away diagram indicates intake flow from the reservoir through the filters to the pump

green

a blank valve protects a fluid power system from over pressure by setting a maximum operating pressure

relief

The two types of mechanical accumulators include weight- and blank-loaded

spring

in a hydraulic system, fluid flow is produced by a blank

pump

blank is the amount of fluid that passes a given point in one minute

flow rate

a blank is a vessel in which fluid is stored under pressure for future release of energy

accumulator

blank is the ability to hold or contain something

capacity

by controlling blank and pressure, hydraulic systems can produce a large amount of work

fluid flow

for industrial applications, hydraulic fluid viscosities are typically about blank SUS at blank degrees Fahrenheit

150:104

Pressure blank is the pressure difference between 2 points in a fluid power system

drop

blank fluid flow is present in systems where pipes, tubes and hoses may be too small for the system

turbulent

a blank flow meter has high internal resistance to fluid flow

weighted

blank accumulators are typically small and lightweight with capacities up to 1 gal

Diaphragm gas charged

a blank diagram is a graphic representation of how devices interconnect within a fluid power system

pictorial

on a schematic diagram blank lines are used to represent pilot lines

dashed

a blank is a device that controls the pressure, direction and or rate of fluid flow

valve

blank flow has an erratic nonlayered pattern

turbulent

blank pressure is the pressure of compressed gas in an accumulator prior to the admission of hydraulic fluid

precharge

a blank power unit is a self contained hydraulic power unit

stand alone

a blank diagram is also referred to as a graphic diagram

schematic

blank flow has a smooth and continuous layered pattern

laminar