Ch. 21 world history test review-

Kepler

discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits (laws of planetary motion)

Galileo

improved the telescope and used it to discover new things such as Jupiter’s moons

Vessalius

known as the father of anatomy, wrote the first anatomy textbook

Montesquieu

advocated for the separation of powers (branches in government)

Voltaire

promoted freedom of speech, religion, and thought to avoid oppression

Wollenscraft

advocated for women’s rights and education

Copernicus

proposed the heliocentric theory model of the universe

Thomas Hobbes

thought that man was evil and therefore needed an absolute dictator

John Locke

believed in Natural Rights: LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY

Newton

discovered the laws of motion and universal law of gravitation; also developed calculus

scientific method

the process of observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand the natural world

how did ideas spread during the scientific revolution & enlightenment?

the printing press, books, newspapers and magazines, coffee houses, and salons (company living rooms)

what are the causes of the scientific revolution?

renaissance curiosity, awareness that ancient philosophers did not all agree, new inventions like the microscope or telescope, and the printing press

what are the causes of the enlightenment?

they wanted to apply scientific thinking to all of life, reaction to absolute monarchy, and wanted to improve society

what is separation of powers?

the idea that government should have legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent abuse of power

what is the universal law of gravitation?

Newton’s idea that every other object with a force proportional to their masses - explains planets orbit around the sun

what is the Bill of RIghts?

a document guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech, religion, trial by jury, and protection from government abuse

what is the connection between the scientific revolution and Christianity?

most of the revolutionaries were believers, they studied the Bible as much as science, they believed that science showed order in God’s creation