The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Which of the following is/are true regarding cerebrospinal fluid?

1. It circulates in the brain and subarachnoid spaces.

2. It nourishes those brain cells inside the brain where there are no blood vessels.

3. Its volume may increase to over 500ml to act as a cushion when the brain is subjected to external pressure.

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 3 only

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

A. 1 only

The cerbral aqueduct (of sylvius)

A. drains venous blood into the internal jugular vein.

B. connects the second and third ventricles.

C. Passes through the midbrain.

D. drains cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.

E. contains the chroid plexus.

C. passes through the midbrain.

Certain vascular structures in the brain produce cerebrospinal fluid. Which of the following is true of these structures?

A. They project int hte cerebral venous sinuses.

B. They are found only in the lateral ventricles.

C. They constitute what is called a choroid plexus.

D. These structures are located in the subarachnoid space.

E. They are called arachnoid villi.

C. They constitute what is called a choroid plexus.

The coroid plexus is:

A. a delicate capillary network which protrudes into the cerebral ventricles.

B. a network of nerves formed by some of the lumbar autonomics.

C. a series of finger-like projections into the cerebral sinuses.

D. a crossing of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers w/in the midbrain.

E. None of the above.

A. a delicate capillary network which protrudes into the cerebral ventricles.

At what site does cerebrospinal fluid eventually mix with blood; that is, where is the cerebrospinal fluid returned to the blood circulation?

A. forth ventricle.

B. Subarachnoid space.

C. Choroid plexuses in first, second, and third ventricles.

D. Arachnoid villi in dural sinuses.

E. Filum terminale at distal end of spinal cord.

D. Arachnoid villi in dural sinuses.

What effect would be noted if an obstruction occurred in the veins that carry blood from the brain?

A. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid would increase.

B. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid would stop.

C. There would be no noticeable effect on rate or pressure of cerebrospinal fluid flow.

D. Pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid would decrease.

E. The rate of cerebrospinal fluid circulation would increase.

A. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid would increase.

Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure (s) in their way to the cerebral cortex?

A. Basal ganglia.

B. Corpus striatum.

C. Hypothalamus.

D. Mammillary bodies.

E. Thalamus.

E. Thalamus.

The hypothalamus is considered to be:

A. The most anterior part of the cerebrum.

B. part of the cerebellum.

C. A structure of completely unknown function.

D. the gray matter which forms the floor of the third ventricle.

E. Part of the white matter forming the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

D. the gray matter which forms the floor of the third ventricle.

What part of the brain forms the floor and part of the sidewall of the third ventricle?

A. Corpus striatum.

B. corpus callosum.

C. Hypothalamus.

D. Internal capsule.

E. Thalamus.

C. Hypothalamus.

A psychosomatic condition is the result of:

A. the body exercising a dominant control over all of its functions.

B. reading too many books on physiology.

C. histology dominating physiology.

D. mental processes affecting physiology processes.

E. genetics influencing genealogy.

D. mental processes affecting physiology processes.

Injury to the hypothalamus would most likely result in:

A. inability to move the eyes.

B. loss of early memory.

C. Loss of body temperature control.

D. Loss of the ability to perceive pain.

E. paralysis of legs.

C. Loss of body temperature control.

The hypothalamus:

A. receives impulses from the cerebral cortex.

B. Sends impulses to many autonomic centers.

C. helps control body temperature.

D. helps control the desire for food.

E. functions in all of the above ways.

E. functions in all of the above ways.

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in:

1. pathologic sleep.

2. loss of body temperature control.

3. production of excessive quantities of urine.

A. 1 only

B. 2 only.

C. 3 only.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above.

D. All of the above.

The deep grooves or creases in the surface layer of the brain are known as:

A. gyri

B. fissures.

C. convolutions.

D. Ventricles.

E. lobes.

B. fissures.

Which of the following pairs of terms is a pair most closely related structurally?

A. Fissures--sulci

B. Cranial nerves--cerebral cortex.

C. Cedrebellum--cauda equina

D. Temporal lobes--optic nerves.

E. Dura mater--brain ventricles.

A. Fissures--sulci

The fissure of Rolando:

1. separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.

2. is also called the central sulcus.

4. separates the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe.

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 3 only

D. frontal and parietal lobes.

E. 2 and 3.

E. 2 and 3.

The transverse fissure is located between the:

A. parietal lobes.

B. cerebellum and pons.

C. cerebral hemispheres.

D. frontal and parietal lobes.

E. cerebrum and cerebellum.

E. cerebrum and cerebellum.

The corpus callosum is a bridge of white fibers that connects the:

A. midbrain and medulla.

B. cerebral hemispheres.

C. cerebrum and cerebellum.

D. pons and cerebellum.

E. cerebellar hemispheres.

B. cerebral hemispheres.

For certain purposes, it has been found convenient to subdivide the cerebral cortex into parts. Which of the following are the names of the subdivisions (lobes) of the cerebral cortex?

1.Callosum. 6. Parietal.

2. Ethmoid. 7. Rolandan

3. Frontal. 8. Sphenoid.

4. Insula. 9. Sylvian.

5. Occipital. 10. Temporal

A. 3,6,7,9,10

B. 2,3,5,8,10

C. 1,3,5,6,8

D. 3,4,5,6,10

E. 2,4,6,7,9

D. 3,4,5,6,10

Part of the nervous system consists of structures called basal ganglia.

A. are located deep inside the spinal cord.

B. are also called cerebral nuclei.

C. are the parts of the medulla and midbrain in which the vital centers are located.

D. contain the cell bodies of the afferent neurons of the spinal cord.

E. are part of the autonomic nervous system, visible near various viscera of the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

B. are also called cerebral nuclei.

The basal ganglia

A. are a series of ganglionic masses inthe base of each cerebral hemisphere.

B. are "white matter" masses w/in the pons, the medulla, and the cerebellum.

C. are the enlargements on the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves.

D. include all those parts of the brain between the cerebrum and the medulla.

E. are described by none of the above.

A. are a series of ganglionic masses inthe base of each cerebral hemisphere.

The general sensory area of the brain is located in the:

A. basal ganglia.

B. corpus callosum.

C. frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

D. hypothalamus.

E. post-Rolandic convolution.

E. post-Rolandic convolution.

A student in a neurology clinic is trying to determine the location of various destructive lesions of the nervous system by observing various symptoms and correlating these w/various parts of the brain and spinal cord. One patient with visual disturbances may have pressure on the:

A. temoral lobe of his brain.

B. frontal lobe of his brain.

C. cerebellum.

D. parietal lobe of his cerebrum.

E. occipital lobe of his cerebrum.

E. occipital lobe of his cerebrum.

Visual sensations are transmitted to the brain and identified in the:

A. parietal lobe.

B. frontal lobe.

C. Fissure of Rolando.

D. occipital lobe.

E. medulla.

E. medulla.

The general motor area of the brain is located in the:

A. Precentral gyrus.

B. basal ganglia.

C. corpus callosum.

D. hypothalamus.

E. prefrontal lobes.

A. Precentral gyrus.

A person is struck on the top of his head so that the precentral gyri of the cerebral cortex just beneath the crown of the skull are damaged. Which of the following would be a likely consequence of this injury?

A. paralysis of the lower part of the body.

B. Inability to perfom the muscular contractions required to make speech.

C. Inability to perceive pain on or about the head.

D. Total blindness.

E. Perception of sounds but inability to determine their meaning.

A. paralysis of the lower part of the body.

Of the several major parts of the brain, that one which is second in size, is divided into right and left hemispheres, and is derived from the embryonic "hindbrain" is

A. the pons.

B. the cerebrum.

C. the medulla.

D. the cerebellum.

E. none of the above.

D. the cerebellum.

A characteristic feature of the human cerebellum is

A. its association with the visual and auditory senses.

B, the origin of the pituitary gland from its inferior surface.

C. the presence of the forth ventricle in its interior.

D. the arbor vitae seen grossly in a cross-section of this part of the brain.

E. its smooth appearance, which differentiates it from the cerebral cortex.

D. the arbor vitae seen grossly in a cross-section of this part of the brain.

The human cerebellum:

A. lies anterior to the midbrain.

B. is concerned with balance, motion and muscle tone.

C. occupies over half of the cranial cavity.

D. has an external whit matter and internal gray matter.

E. is not concerned with reflexes.

B. is concerned with balance, motion and muscle tone.:

Which of the following would you expect to observe in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum?

1. loss of general sensation.

2. Inability to execute any voluntary movements.

3.Inability to execute smooth, steady movement.

A. 1 only.

B. 2 only.

C. 3 only.

D. None of the above.

E. All of the above.

C. 3 only.

Any nerve growing form the base of the brain is

A. called a cranial nerve.

B. a sensory nerve.

C. a motor nerve.

D. classed as a mixed (both sensory and motor) nerve.

E. described correctly by non of the above.

A. called a cranial nerve.

With regard to the cranial nerves, their deep origins are from nuclei with in the brain stem. Superficially:

1. some arise from the side of the medulla.

2. some arise near the side of the ponds.

3. the olfactory bulbs (nerves) lie directly under, and in contact with, the frontal lobes of the brain.

A. 1 only.

B. 2 only

C. 3 only.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain?

A.optic, olfactory, trigeminal, trochlear, ophthalmic

B. Olfactory, opthalmic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal.

C. Olfactory, optic, trochlear, trigeminal, facial.

D. Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal.

E. Oculomotor, optic, trigeminal, trochlear, facial.

D. Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal.

Loss of the sense of smell could result from injury of which cranial nerve?

A. First.

B. Second.

C. Third.

D. Fifth

E. Eighth.

A. First.

The extrinsic muscles of the eye are innervated by cranial nerves.

A. II, III, and IV

B. II, III, and VI

C. III, IV, and V

D. III, IV and VI

E. II, IV, and VI

D. III, IV and VI

An occlusion in a choroid plexus would interfere with an individual's ability to

a breathe

b carry on peristalsis

c form a cerebrospinal fluid

d store glycogen.

c form a cerebrospinal fluid

To expose the corpus callosum of the cerebrum, the landmark used to make the incision is the

a longitudinal fissure

b central sulcus

c lateral cerebral sulcus

d parieto-occipital sulcus

a longitudinal fissure

Abnormal body movements, such as uncontrollable shaking, an involuntary movements of skeletal muscles probably indicate damage to

a sensory areas of the cerebrum

b cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia)

c association areas of the cortex

d primary olfactory area.

b cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia)

Sensory impulses over the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves are responsible for the sensation of:

a touch

b taste

c pain

d equilibrium

b taste

The clinical term that applies to the inability to speak is

a agraphia

b word deafness

c aphasia

d word blindness

c aphasia

A nurse is caring for a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum. Considering the functions of this part of the brain, she would probably observe:

a absence of the patellar reflex

b unconsciousness

c inability to execute smooth, precise movements

d inability to perform voluntary movements.

c inability to execute smooth, precise movements

The vital centers for the control of heartbeat, respiration, and the control of blood vessel diameter are located in the

a pons

b medulla

c cerebrum

d cerebellum

b medulla

The reason why the motor areas of the right cerebral cortex control voluntary movements on the left side of the body is that the:

a cerebrum contains projection fibers

b cerebellum controls voluntary movements

c medulla contains decussating pyramids

d pons connects the spinal cord with the brain.

c medulla contains decussating pyramids

On their way to the cerebral cortex, almost all sensory impulses pass through the:

a hypothalamus

b cerebellum

c medulla

d thalamus

d thalamus

If a patient exhibits irregular fluctuations in body temp, loss of appetite, lack of sensation of thirst, and psychosomatic disorders, the portion of the brain that is malfunctioning is probably the:

a cerebrum

b midbrain

c hypothalamus

d medulla

c hypothalamus

A person who has ptosis of the eyelid and diplopia probably has damage to which cranial nerve?

a oculomotor

b trochlear

c facial

d optic

a oculomotor

Inability to feel pain from an abscessed tooth might be due to a disease of which cranial nerve?

a olfactory

b trigeminal

c facial

d glossopharyngeal

b trigeminal

dAMAGE TO THE OLFACTORY TRACT WOULD PROBABLY affect your ability to

a taste

b hear

c feel pain

d smell

d smell

The destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system by the formation of plaques best characterizes:

a multuple sclerosis

b epilepsy

c cerebral palsy

d neurosyphilis

a multuple sclerosis

As a result of degeneration of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, a person loses many of his sensory functions and is not able to maintain posture and balance. The probably disorder is:

a cerebral palsy

b tabes dorsalis

c poliomyelitis

d parkinsonism

b tabes dorsalis

A tumor of the interventricular foramen would block the flow of crebrospinal fluid to the _____ ventricle

Third

Removal of the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the cord is called______

Lumbar puncture.

If a patient exhibits signs of ataxia and disturbances in gait, the damaged area of the brain is probably the _____

cerebelum

A tumor in the _______would account for abnormalities of the coughing, swallowing, and blinking reflexes.

Medulla

The origin of the cranial nerve that mediates hearing and equilibrium is located in the_____

ponds

The _______is responsible for generalized awareness of pain sensations.

thalamus

The activities of autonomic nervous system are controlled and integrated by the ______

hypothalmus

The frontal lobe of the cerebum is separated from the parietal lobe by the

central sulcus

The __________ is the only lobe of the cerebrum that cannot be seen in the external view of the brain

insula

The ________of the cerebrum is concerned with the sensation of taste.

primary gustartory

A record of brain waves that is useful in the diagnosis of epilepsy and tumors is called________

electroencephelagram

The vagus nerve is classified as a ____ nerve because it contains both sensory and motor fibers

mixed

Symptoms associated with early stages of syphilis may be alleviated by administration of

pennicilin

The condition resulting from destruction of brain tissue due to disorders of blood vessels that supply the brain is called

CVA or Cerbral Vascular Accidents

T/F The spinal meniges and brain meninges are separated by the blood brain barrier

F

T/F Cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed as rapidly as it forms

T

T/F The brain consumes less oxygen than most other organs of the body.

T

The thalamus controls the mind-over-body phenomenon

F

The autonomic nervous system is controlled by the midbrain.

F

Linguistic ability depends primarily on the right hemisphere of the brain, while musical ability depends on the left hemisphere.

F

Much damage in the right hemisphere may leave the patient unconcerned with his or her condition

T

The most common inhibitory transmitter in the brain is gammaaminobutyric.

T

All cranial nerves are either motor or sensory, but not bother.

F

Syphilis is a venereal disease caused by the Tramonema pallidum bacterium.

T

What chemical produced by the brain is thought to be a natural pain killer?

a any transmitter substance

b angiotensin

c enkephalins

d neurotensin

c enkephalins

Which is the proper order of the coverings of the brain, beginning at the outside and moving toward the brain tissue?

b cranial bones, meningeal layer of dura mater, periosteal layer of dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

c crainial bones, meningeal layer of dura mater, periosteal layer of dura mater, pia meter, arachnoid

d cranial bones, pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

a cranial bones, periosteal layer of dura mater, meningeal layer of dura mater, acrachnoid, pia mater

The periosteal layer of the dura mater serves as a (n)

a endosteum

b periosteum

c mesothelial layer

d direct covering of the brain tissue

b periosteum

Which of the following does not protect the brain from injury?

a cranial bones

b meninges

c cerebrospinal fluid

d blood in the subdural space

d blood in the subdural space

cerebrospinal fluid associated with the brain is not found in

a the subarachnoid space of the meninges of the brain

b the bentricles of the brain

c communication with the central canal of the spinal cord

d the cerebellum of the brain

d the cerebellum of the brain

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by

a choroid plexuses

b ventricles of the brain

c sulci of the cerebrum

d meninges of the brain

a choroid plexuses

Which of the following statements about the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is incorrect?

a CSF is a clear, colorless fluid of watery consistency.

b CSF serves as a shock absorber for the CNS.

c CSF contains red and white blood cells.

d CSF circulates nutritive substances filtered from the blood.

c CSF contains red and white blood cells.

Which of the following statements concerning the blood brain barrier is incorrect?

a substances that cross the barrier are small molecules.

b substances that cross the barrier may need the assistance of a carrier molecule to cross by active transport.

c The blood brain barrier functions to ensure that blood cells can cross over to brain tissue

d the blood brain barrier results from the brain capillaries being constructed of densely packed cells and being surrounded by large numbers of glial cells.

c The blood brain barrier functions to ensure that blood cells can cross over to brain tissue

A patient with visual disturbances may have pressure on the

a temporal lobe

b frontal lobe

c parietal lobe

d occipital lobe

d occipital lobe

The reticular formation generally functions as a (n)

a temperature regulator

b arousal or awakening center

c sensory relay system to muscles

d motor relay sysstem to the brain

b arousal or awakening center

Mr. R walked with a reeling gait and had trouble maintaining his equilibrium. His postural reflexes were highly abnormal, and he was unable to execute accurate voluntary movements becuase of a lesion involving the

a midbrain

b pons

c cerebellum

d medulla

a midbrain

Mc. Y walked without swinging her arms, and other associated movements were lacking. It was suspected that she had a lesion in the region of the

a basal ganglia

b motor cortex

c cerebellum

d thalamus

a basal ganglia

What are the areas of the cerbral cortex that play an important role in the integration of the recpetive and expressive phases of cortical functioning called?

a motor

b sensory

c projection

d association

d association

A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has caused injury and nonfunctioning of the primary motor area of his right cerebral cortex. As a result,

a he cannot voluntarily more his left arm or hand, or his left leg or foot

b he feels no sensation on the left side of his side of his body

c reflexes cannot be elicited on the left side of his body

d he cannot speak

a he cannot voluntarily more his left arm or hand, or his left leg or foot

Which transmitter substance has been implicated in maintaining arousal, dreaming, and the regulation of mood?

a norepinephrine

b dopamine

c serotonin

d gammaaminobutyric acid

a norepinephrine

Constant arteriole blood flow to the brain is maintained by

a a system of choroid plexus capillaries

b the internal jugular

c the circle of Willis

d the arachnoid villi

c the circle of Willis

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the medulla?

a it is a decussation center.

b it is a reflex center.

c it is the place of origin of some cranial nerve nuclei.

d it is a visual control center.

d it is a visual control center.

Which of the following is not a vital reflex center of the reticular fromation?

a cardiac center

b medullary rhythmicity area

c vasomotor center

d endocrine control center

d endocrine control center

Which of the follwing statements does not describe a function of the pons?

a it is a cardiac reflex center

b It is a bridge connecting the spinal cord with the brain and parts of the brain

c it is a pneumotaxic area.

d it is an apneustic area.

a it is a cardiac reflex center

The midbrain contains structures that constitute the main connection for tracts between upper parts of the brain and lower parts of the brain and the spinal cord. The structures are the:

a corpora quadrigemina

b cerebral peduncles

c medial lemniscus

d olive

b cerebral peduncles

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the thalamus?

a it receives motor impulses from the visera

b it is associated with feelings of rage and aggression

c it controls normal body temperature

d it regulates food intake

a it receives motor impulses from the visera

Which of the following is not part of the limbic system

a hippocampus

b amygdaloid nucleus

c hypothalamus

d thalamus

d thalamus

Which structure is associated with the emotional aspects of behavior related to survival?

a hypothalamus

b basal ganglia

c limbic system

d midbrain

c limbic system

Which of the following is not a sensory cranial nerve

a olfactory

b optic

c vestibulocochlear

d trigemial

d trigemial

What are the fibers that transmit impulses from the gyri in one cerebal hemisphere to the corresponding gyri in the opposite cerebral hemisphere called?

a association

b commissural

c projection

d ascending

b commissural

Damage to which part of the cerebrum causes abnormal body movements?

a limbic system

b basal ganglia

c somesthetic area

d gnostic center

b basal ganglia