BOTANY 400 - Lab Exam 2

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Description and Tags

Botany

Plant Systematics

Plant Identification

Basal Angiosperms

Eudicots

UW-Madison

80 Terms

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Basal Angiosperm Families

ANA: Amborellaceae & Nymphaeaceae
Magnoliids: Magnoliaceae & Aristolochiaceae

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Family Amborellaceae

Only has Tracheids & No Vessels

Spiraled Perianth
Dioecious: Unisexual Plants

Laminar Stamens
Apocarpic Pistils

<ul><li><p>Only has Tracheids & No Vessels</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Spiraled Perianth</p></li><li><p>Dioecious: Unisexual Plants</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Laminar Stamens</p></li><li><p>Apocarpic Pistils</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Family Nymphaeaceae

Hollow Stems with Only Tracheids & No Vessels
Air Cavities in Tissue
Floating & Submerged Leaves
Showy Flowers with Many Parts
- Laminar Stamens
- Superior Syncarpic Pistil
Floral Formula: CA4-♾ CO♾ A♾ G(♾)
Genera: Nymphaea

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Family Magnoliaceae

Large & Pinnate Veined Stipulate Leaves
Large & Solitary Flowers with Spiraled Perianth & Many Parts
- Laminar Stamen
- Apocarpic Pistils
Produce an Aggregate of Follicles
P♾ A♾ G♾
Genera: Magnolia

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Family Aristolochiaceae

Climbing or Rhizomatous Herbs
Cordate Leaves
Flower with Petaloid Calyx
Hypanthium
Absent or Heavily Reduced Petals
Genera: Asarum

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Genus Magnolia (Magnolias)

Woody Tree or Shrubs
Large Showy Flowers with Many Spirally Arranged Tepals & Stamens
Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels on Elongated Receptacle
Simple & Alternate Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Aggregate of Follicles as Fruit

<ul><li><p>Woody Tree or Shrubs</p></li><li><p>Large Showy Flowers with Many Spirally Arranged Tepals & Stamens</p></li><li><p>Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels on Elongated Receptacle</p></li><li><p>Simple & Alternate Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Aggregate of Follicles as Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Magnolia</em></p>

Floral Formula of Magnolia

P∞ A∞ G∞

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Genus Nymphaea (White Water Lily)

Aquatic Herb
Simple Floating Leaves with Notched Cordate Base & Palmate Venation
Large Showy Flowers with Many Tepals & Laminar Stamens
Semi-Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with Many Carpels
Spongy Berry-Like Fruit
Mucilaginous Tissues & Strong Floral Scent

<ul><li><p>Aquatic Herb</p></li><li><p>Simple Floating Leaves with Notched Cordate Base & Palmate Venation</p></li><li><p>Large Showy Flowers with Many Tepals & Laminar Stamens</p></li><li><p>Semi-Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with Many Carpels</p></li><li><p>Spongy Berry-Like Fruit</p></li><li><p>Mucilaginous Tissues & Strong Floral Scent</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Nymphaea</em></p>

Floral Formula of Nymphaea

P∞ A∞ ^-G^-(∞)

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Genus Asarum (Wild Ginger)

Low Rhizomatous Woodland Herb
Simple & Basal Cordate Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Solitary & Mauve-Colored Flower with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla
Hypanthium Present
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 6 Carpel
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Low Rhizomatous Woodland Herb</p></li><li><p>Simple & Basal Cordate Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Solitary & Mauve-Colored Flower with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla</p></li><li><p>Hypanthium Present</p></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 6 Carpel</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Asarum</em></p>

Floral Formula of Asarum

CA(3) CO0 A12 ^-G^-(6)

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Family Ranunculaceae

Perennial Herbs
Usually Alternate Leaves with Palmate Venation
Many Stamens & Carpels
Genera: Caltha, Clematis

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Genus Caltha (Marsh Marigold)

Wetland Herb
Simple & Basal Cordate Leaves with Palmate Venation
Bright Yellow Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla
Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels
Aggregate of Follicles Fruit

<ul><li><p>Wetland Herb</p></li><li><p>Simple & Basal Cordate Leaves with Palmate Venation</p></li><li><p>Bright Yellow Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla</p></li><li><p>Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels</p></li><li><p>Aggregate of Follicles Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Caltha</em></p>

Floral Formula of Caltha

CA5 CO0 A∞ G∞

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Genus Clematis (Clematis)

Vine or Climbing Herb
Opposite & Usually Compound Leaves
Showy Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla
Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpel & Long Feathery Styles
Feathery Aggregate of Achenes

<ul><li><p>Vine or Climbing Herb</p></li><li><p>Opposite & Usually Compound Leaves</p></li><li><p>Showy Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla</p></li><li><p>Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpel & Long Feathery Styles</p></li><li><p>Feathery Aggregate of Achenes</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Clematis</em></p>

Floral Formula of Clematis

CA4-8 CO0 A∞ G∞

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Family Berberidaceae

Small Shrubs or Herbs
3-Merous Flowers
Marginal Placentation
Genera: Beberis, Podophyllum

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Genus Berberis (Barberries)

Shrub with Spines
Simple & Alternate Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Often Clustered on Short Shoots
Yellow or White 3-Merous Flowers
Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil
Red Berries

<ul><li><p>Shrub with Spines</p></li><li><p>Simple & Alternate Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Often Clustered on Short Shoots</p></li><li><p>Yellow or White 3-Merous Flowers</p></li><li><p>Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil</p></li><li><p>Red Berries</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Berberis</em></p>

Floral Formula of Berberis

CA3+3 CO3+3 A3+3 G1

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Genus Podophyllum (Mayapple)

Woodland Herb
One or Two Simple & Peltate Palmately Lobed Leaves
Single 3-Merous Flower hanging Beneath Leaves
Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil
Berry Fruit

<ul><li><p>Woodland Herb</p></li><li><p>One or Two Simple & Peltate Palmately Lobed Leaves</p></li><li><p>Single 3-Merous Flower hanging Beneath Leaves</p></li><li><p>Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil</p></li><li><p>Berry Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Podophyllum</em></p>

Floral Formula of Podophyllum

CA6 CO6/9 A6/9 G1

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Family Papaveraceae

Herbs with Showy Flowers
Alternate & Compound Leaves
Deciduous Sepals & Crumpled Petals
Syncarpic Pistil
Capsule Fruits
Genera: Sanguinaria, Dicentra

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Genus Sanguinaria (Bloodroot)

Herb with Orange-Red Latex from Rhizomes
Basal & Palmately Lobed Leaves
Two Deciduous Sepals
White & Actinomorphic Flowers with Many Stamen
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Herb with Orange-Red Latex from Rhizomes</p></li><li><p>Basal & Palmately Lobed Leaves</p></li><li><p>Two Deciduous Sepals</p></li><li><p>White & Actinomorphic Flowers with Many Stamen</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Sanguinaria</em></p>

Floral Formula of Sanguinaria

CA2 CO8-12 A∞ G(2)

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Genus Dicentra (Dutchman’s Breeches)

Herb
Alternate & Compound Leaves that are Finely Divided
Two Deciduous Sepals
Strongly Zygomorphic & Somewhat Heart-Shaped Hanging Flowers with Spurred Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Herb</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Compound Leaves that are Finely Divided</p></li><li><p>Two Deciduous Sepals</p></li><li><p>Strongly Zygomorphic & Somewhat Heart-Shaped Hanging Flowers with Spurred Petals</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Dicentra</em></p>

Floral Formula of Dicentra

CA2 CO4 A6 G(2)

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Family Nelumbonaceae

Aquatic Herb
Peltate Emergent Leaves
Solitary Flower with Filamentous Stamens
Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpel
One Carpellate Fruits in a Head
Genera: Nelumbo

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Genus Nelumbo (Lotus-Lily)

Aquatic Herb
Simple & Peltate Leaves with Radial Venation that rise Above Water
Showy Flower with Many Tepals & Filamentous Stamens
Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels
Nut-Like Fruits embedded in Enlarged & Showerhead-Like Receptacle

<ul><li><p>Aquatic Herb</p></li><li><p>Simple & Peltate Leaves with Radial Venation that rise Above Water</p></li><li><p>Showy Flower with Many Tepals & Filamentous Stamens</p></li><li><p>Superior & Apocarpic Pistil with Many Carpels</p></li><li><p>Nut-Like Fruits embedded in Enlarged & Showerhead-Like Receptacle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Nelumbo</em></p>

Floral Formula of Nelumbo

P∞ A∞ G∞

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Caryophyllid Characteristics

Betalain Pigments
Centrospermae: Free-Central or Basal Placentation
Dichasial Cyme Inflorescences Common
Adapted to Stressful Environments
- Deserts, Saline Areas, Nutrient-Poor Bogs, Alpine Habitats

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Family Caryophyllaceae

Herbs with Swollen Nodes & Opposite Leaves
Showy 5-Merous Flowers in Dichasial Inflorescences
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with Free-Central Placentation
Capsule Fruit
Genera: Saponaria, Silene

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Family Amaranthaceae

Herbs
Often Weeds & Halophytes
Tiny & Congested Flowers with Absent Corolla
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil
Utricle or Achene Fruit with Persistent Calyx
Genera: Amaranthus, Chenopodium

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Family Cactaceae

Stem-Succulents
Spines/Glochids at Areoles
Absent or Reduced Leaves
Showy Flowers with Many Tepals & Stamens in Hypanthium
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil
Berry Fruit
Genera: Opuntia

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Family Phytolaccaceae

Shrubs
Small Flowers with Petaloid Sepals & Absent Corolla in Racemes
Superior & Semi-Syncarpic
Dark-Colored & Poisonous Berries
Genera: Phytolacca

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Family Portulacaceae

Succulent Herbs with Fleshy Leaves
Bright Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil
Pyxis Capsule Fruit
Genera: Portulaca

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Family Montiaceae

Small & Fleshy Herbs with Basal Leaves
Delicate Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil
Capsule Fruit
Genera: Claytonia

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Family Polygonaceae

Herbs with Swollen Nodes & Ocrea
Alternate Leaves
Small 3-Merous Flowers with Tepals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil
Three-Sided Achene
Genera: Persicaria

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Genus Amaranthus (Amaranth & Pigweed)

Weedy Herbs
Alternate & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Tiny Green Flowers with Absent Corolla on Congested Spike Inflorescences
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 or 3 Carpels
Utricle Fruit

<ul><li><p>Weedy Herbs</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Tiny Green Flowers with Absent Corolla on Congested Spike Inflorescences</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 or 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Utricle Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Amaranthus</em></p>

Floral Formula of Amaranthus

CA5 CO0 A5 G(2-3)

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<p>Genus <em>Chenopodium</em> (Lamb’s Quarter)</p>

Genus Chenopodium (Lamb’s Quarter)

Tall Herb
Alternate & Simple Leaves with Goosefoot-Shape & Mealy White Coating
Tiny Green Flowers with Absent Corolla in Inflorescence
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
Utricle Fruit

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Chenopodium</em></p>

Floral Formula of Chenopodium

CA5 CO0 A5 G(2)

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Genus Opuntia (Prickly Pears)

Stem Succulents of Flattened Cladodes
Leaves Absent
Tiny Glochid Spines in Tufts on Areoles
Large & Epigynous Flowers with Many Tepals & Stamens in Hypanthium
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 4 Carpels
Berry Fruit

<ul><li><p>Stem Succulents of Flattened Cladodes</p></li><li><p>Leaves Absent</p></li><li><p>Tiny Glochid Spines in Tufts on Areoles</p></li><li><p>Large & Epigynous Flowers with Many Tepals & Stamens in Hypanthium</p></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 4 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Berry Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Opuntia</em></p>

Floral Formula of Opuntia

P∞ A∞ ^-G^-(4)

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Genus Phytolacca (Pokeweed)

Shrub with Red-Purple Stems
Alternate & Simple Leaves
Small Pinkish-White Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla in Long Racemes
Superior & Semi-Syncarpic Pistil with 5 to 10 Carpels
Dark-Colored & Juicy Berries

<ul><li><p>Shrub with Red-Purple Stems</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves</p></li><li><p>Small Pinkish-White Flowers with Petaloid Calyx & Absent Corolla in Long Racemes</p></li><li><p>Superior & Semi-Syncarpic Pistil with 5 to 10 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Dark-Colored & Juicy Berries</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Phytolacca</em></p>

Floral Formula of Phytolacca

CA5 CO0 A10 G(5-10)

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Genus Saponaria (Soapwort)

Somewhat Tall Herb with Swollen Nodes
Opposite & Simple Leaves
Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Tubular Fused Calyx & Blade-Claw Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Somewhat Tall Herb with Swollen Nodes</p></li><li><p>Opposite & Simple Leaves</p></li><li><p>Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Tubular Fused Calyx & Blade-Claw Petals</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Saponaria</em></p>

Floral Formula of Saponaria

CA(5) CO5 A10 G(2)

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Genus Silene (Campion)

Somewhat Tall Herb
Opposite & Simple Leaves
Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Inflated Fused Calyx & Deeply Notched Corolla
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Somewhat Tall Herb</p></li><li><p>Opposite & Simple Leaves</p></li><li><p>Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Inflated Fused Calyx & Deeply Notched Corolla</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Silene</em></p>

Floral Formula of Silene

CA(5) CO5 A10 G(3)

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Genus Portulaca (Purslane)

Spreading/Trailing Succulent Herb
Alternate or Opposite Fleshy Leaves
Bright & Colorful Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels
Circumscissile Pyxis Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Spreading/Trailing Succulent Herb</p></li><li><p>Alternate or Opposite Fleshy Leaves</p></li><li><p>Bright & Colorful Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Circumscissile Pyxis Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Portulaca</em></p>

Floral Formula of Portulaca

CA2 CO5 A5-∞ G(3)

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Genus Claytonia (Spring Beauty)

Ephemeral Herb
Two Opposite & Basal Leaves
White-Pink Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Ephemeral Herb</p></li><li><p>Two Opposite & Basal Leaves</p></li><li><p>White-Pink Flowers with 2 Sepals & 5 Petals</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Claytonia</em></p>

Floral Formula of Claytonia

CA2 CO5 A5 G(3)

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Genus Persicaria (Smartweed)

Stemmy Herb with Swollen Nodes & Ocrea Present
Alternate & Simple Leaves
Small & Pink-Colored 3-Merous Flowers in Dense Spike Inflorescences
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels
Three-Sided Achene Fruit

<ul><li><p>Stemmy Herb with Swollen Nodes & Ocrea Present</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves</p></li><li><p>Small & Pink-Colored 3-Merous Flowers in Dense Spike Inflorescences</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Three-Sided Achene Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Persicaria</em></p>

Floral Formula of Persicaria

P3+3 A6-8 G(3)

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Rosid Characteristics

Usually Separate Petals
Enormous & Diverse Clade
Usually 4 or 5-Merous

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Family Oxalidaceae

Low Herbs
Compound Trifoliate Leaves
5-Merous Flowers
Often Tristylous
Explosive Capsule Fruit
Genera: Oxalis

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Genus Oxalis (Wood Sorrel)

Low Growing Herb
Alternate & Trifoliate Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Ability to Fold
Yellow, Pink, White, or Purple 5-Merous Flowers
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 5 Carpels
Tristyly: 2 Sets of Anthers & 1 Set of Styles at Different Levels
5-Locular Capsule Fruit with Explosive Seed Dispersal

<ul><li><p>Low Growing Herb</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Trifoliate Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Ability to Fold</p></li><li><p>Yellow, Pink, White, or Purple 5-Merous Flowers</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 5 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Tristyly: 2 Sets of Anthers & 1 Set of Styles at Different Levels</p></li><li><p>5-Locular Capsule Fruit with Explosive Seed Dispersal</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Oxalis</em></p>

Floral Formula of Oxalis

CA5 CO5 A5+5 G(5)

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Family Violaceae

Low Herbs
Bilateral Flowers with Spurred Petals
Syncarpic Pistil with Parietal Placentation
Genera: Viola

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Genus Viola (Wild Violet)

Small Herb
Simple & Usually Basal Cordate Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Purple, White, or Yellow 5-Merous & Zygomorphic Flowers with Distinct Nectar Spur on Lower Petal
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels & Parietal Placentation
- 5 Stamens form Cone around Ovary
Three-Valve Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Small Herb</p></li><li><p>Simple & Usually Basal Cordate Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Purple, White, or Yellow 5-Merous & Zygomorphic Flowers with Distinct Nectar Spur on Lower Petal</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels & Parietal Placentation</p><ul><li><p>5 Stamens form Cone around Ovary</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Three-Valve Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Floral Formula of Viola

CA5 CO5 A5 G(3)

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Family Malvaceae

Herb with Stellate Hairs
Palmately Veined Leaves
Somewhat Showy Flower with Valvate Sepals
Monadelphous Stamens fused into Staminal Tube
Genera: Malva

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Genus Malva (Mallow)

Herb
Alternate & Simple Leaves with Round to Cordate Shape & Palmate Venation
Star-Shaped Stellate Hairs
Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Fused Valvate Calyx
- Edges of Sepal Meet without Overlapping
Monadelphous Stamens fused into Tube around Style
Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 5 to Many Carpels
Schizocarp Fruit with Mericarp Wedges

<ul><li><p>Herb</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves with Round to Cordate Shape & Palmate Venation</p></li><li><p>Star-Shaped Stellate Hairs</p></li><li><p>Showy 5-Merous Flowers with Fused Valvate Calyx</p><ul><li><p>Edges of Sepal Meet without Overlapping</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Monadelphous Stamens fused into Tube around Style</p></li><li><p>Superior & Syncarpic Pistil with 5 to Many Carpels</p></li><li><p>Schizocarp Fruit with Mericarp Wedges</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Floral Formula of Malva

CA(5) CO5 A(∞) G(5-∞)

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Family Onagraceae

Somewhat Tall Herbs
Epigynous & Usually 4-Merous Flowers
Hypanthium
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil
Genera: Oenothera

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Genus Oenothera (Evening Primrose)

Somewhat Tall Herbs
Alternate & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Epigynous & 4-Merous Flowers with Distinct Floral Tube & Large Yellow Corolla in Hypanthium
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 4 Carpels
Capsule Fruit

<ul><li><p>Somewhat Tall Herbs</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Epigynous & 4-Merous Flowers with Distinct Floral Tube & Large Yellow Corolla in Hypanthium</p></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 4 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Capsule Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Oenothera</em></p>

Floral Formula of Oenothera

CA4 CO4 A4,8 ^-G^-(4)

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Family Grossulariaceae

Woody Shrubs
Palmately Lobed Leaves
Sometimes have Spines
Epigynous Flowers with Well-Developed Hypanthium & Inferior Ovary
Berry Fruits
Genera: Ribes

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Genus Ribes (Gooseberries & Currants)

Shrub
Alternate & Simple Leaves with Palmate Lobbing & Venation
Spines Sometimes Present
Epigynous & 5-Merous Flower with Well-Developed Hypanthium
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
Berry Fruit with Dried Floral Parts at Tip

<ul><li><p>Shrub</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Leaves with Palmate Lobbing & Venation</p></li><li><p>Spines Sometimes Present</p></li><li><p>Epigynous & 5-Merous Flower with Well-Developed Hypanthium</p></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Berry Fruit with Dried Floral Parts at Tip</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Floral Formula of Ribes

CA5 CO5 A5 G(2)

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Family Fabaceae

Nitrogen-Fixing Herbs
Trifoliate or Compound Leaves with Stipules
Pea Flower with Banner, Wings, & Keel Petals
Unicarpellate Pistil with Marginal Placentation
Legume Fruit
Genera: Baptisia

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Genus Baptisia (Wild Indigo)

Perennial Herb with Blue-Green Foliage
Alternate & Trifoliate Compound Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Pea Flower with Banner, 2 Wing, and 2 Fused Keel Petals
- White, Yellow, Cream, or Blue
Non-Fused Stamens unlike Most Papilionoid Legumes
Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil
Inflated Legume Fruit

<ul><li><p>Perennial Herb with Blue-Green Foliage</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Trifoliate Compound Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Pea Flower with Banner, 2 Wing, and 2 Fused Keel Petals</p><ul><li><p>White, Yellow, Cream, or Blue</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Non-Fused Stamens unlike Most Papilionoid Legumes</p></li><li><p>Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil</p></li><li><p>Inflated Legume Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Baptisia</em></p>

Floral Formula of Baptisia

CA(5) CO5 A10 G1

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Family Urticaceae

Herbs with Stinging Hairs
Opposite Leaves
Reduced Unisexual & Wind-Pollinated Flowers
Unicarpellate Pistil
Genera: Urtica

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Genus Urtica (Nettle)

Herb with Stinging Hairs
Opposite & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Serrate Margins
Unisexual Flowers with Absent Corolla in Inflorescence
Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil
Achene Fruit

<ul><li><p>Herb with Stinging Hairs</p></li><li><p>Opposite & Simple Leaves with Pinnate Venation & Serrate Margins</p></li><li><p>Unisexual Flowers with Absent Corolla in Inflorescence</p></li><li><p>Superior & Unicarpellate Pistil</p></li><li><p>Achene Fruit</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Urtica</em></p>

Floral Formula of Urtica

CA4 CO0 A4 OR CA4 CO0 G1

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Family Fagaceae

Trees & Shrubs
Large & Pinnately Lobed Leaves
Wind-Pollinated & Unisexual Flowers in Catkins or Cupule
Acorn Nut Fruits
Genera: Quercus

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Genus Quercus (Oak)

Woody Tree
Alternate & Simple Lobed Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Unisexual Flowers with Absent Corolla
- Staminate/Male Flowers in Dangling Catkins
- Carpellate/Female Flowers in Cupule of Fused Bracts
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels
Acorn Nut in Cupule

<ul><li><p>Woody Tree</p></li><li><p>Alternate & Simple Lobed Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Unisexual Flowers with Absent Corolla</p><ul><li><p>Staminate/Male Flowers in Dangling Catkins</p></li><li><p>Carpellate/Female Flowers in Cupule of Fused Bracts</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 3 Carpels</p></li><li><p>Acorn Nut in Cupule</p></li></ul><p></p>

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<p>Floral Formula of <em>Quercus</em></p>

Floral Formula of Quercus

CA4-7 CO0 A4-12 OR CA6 CO0 ^-G^-(3)