Climate Science and Environmental Conservation Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering definitions and key concepts related to climate, climate change, greenhouse gases, and endangered species conservation.

Climate

The average weather conditions of a particular place over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more, including patterns of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and seasons.

Climate Change

A long-term change in the average weather patterns, such as temperature, rainfall, and wind, that define Earth's local, regional, and global climates.

Milankovitch cycles

Changes in the Earth's orbit and tilt that affect the amount of sunlight received by Earth.

Natural Causes of Climate Change

Causes occurring without human influence, including volcanic eruptions, solar variations, ocean current shifts like El Niño, Milankovitch cycles, and natural forest fires.

Artificial Causes of Climate Change

Human-made drivers of climate change, including the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial emissions, agricultural livestock and fertilizers, and landfill waste disposal.

Historical Temperature Rise in Nepal

An annual temperature increase of $0.06^\text{o}\text{C}$ every year in the past.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases such as $\text{CO}_2$, $\text{CO}$, and $\text{CH}_4$ that absorb solar heat and act as direct drivers of global warming.

Endangered Species

A species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

Causes of Species Extinction

Factors including overhunting, habitat destruction, climate change, deforestation, poaching for body parts, and the introduction of imported or hybrid organisms.

Conservation Measures for Endangered Species

Actions such as banning illegal hunting and poaching, protecting habitats via In-situ and Ex-situ conservation, afforestation, establishing protected areas, and conducting public awareness programs.

Haemophilia

A medical condition characterized by non-coagulating blood in cut parts of a person.