Chapter 2: Population & Health Vocabulary

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering population density, growth history, fertility, mortality, and demographic terms from Chapter 2.

Arable land

Land suited for agriculture.

Physiological density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

Agricultural density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

Physiological Density of Egypt

A high population density relative to arable land where $97\%$ of Egyptians live on just $8\%$ of the land in the Nile River valley and delta.

Agricultural Density in Developed Countries

Low ratios of farmers to arable land resulting from technology and finance that allow a few people to farm extensive land areas.

8000 B.C.E. Population Growth

The historical point when world population began to grow slowly alongside the emergence of agriculture.

1960s Peak World Population Growth

The decade during which world population growth reached an all-time historical peak of more than $2\%$ per year.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year, excluding migration.

Doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Regional Distribution of Growth Since 1980

The geographic pattern of population growth since 1980, where $66\%$ occurred in Asia and $20\%$ in sub-Saharan Africa.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every $1,000$ people alive in the society.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years, defined roughly as ages $15$ through $49$.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births, expressed per $1,000$ births.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every $1,000$ people alive in the society.

Demographic transition

The process that explains why developed countries have a higher average Crude Death Rate ($12$) than developing countries ($7$) due to age structures.