Into To Healthcare Unit 3 Infection Control (Quizlet)

Microorganism

An organism too small to be seen without a microscope

Pathogen

A germ that causes disease or illness in its host

Nonpathogenic Organism

An organism that is not capable of causing disease in a host

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms that can be round, rod-shaped, or spiral-shaped

Cocci

Round-shaped bacteria

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria

Spirilla

Spiral-shaped bacteria

Protozoa

One-celled animal-like microorganisms that are often parasites

Fungi

Plant-like microorganisms

Rickettsiae

Microorganisms associated with parasites such as lice, fleas, and ticks

Virus

A microorganism that cannot reproduce without a host

Aerobic

Requiring oxygen to live

Anaerobic

Not requiring oxygen to live

Chain of Infection

The process by which pathogens spread from one host to another

Causative Agent

The pathogen that causes a disease

Reservoir

The place where a pathogen lives and grows

Portal of Exit

The way a pathogen leaves its reservoir

Mode of Transmission

How a pathogen is spread to another reservoir or host

Endogenous Infection

An infection that originates inside the body

Exogenous Infection

An infection caused by pathogens from outside the body

Nosocomial Infection

An infection acquired in a healthcare facility

Opportunistic Infection

An infection that mainly affects people with weakened immune systems

Generalized Infection

An infection that affects multiple body systems

Localized Infection

An infection that affects only one body system or area

Epidemic

A sudden increase in disease cases within a specific community or region

Pandemic

An epidemic that spreads across multiple countries and affects many people

Antibiotics

Medicines used to fight bacterial infections

Antiseptics

Substances applied to living tissue to reduce or destroy microorganisms

Disinfectants

Chemicals used to kill microorganisms on objects and surfaces

Sterile

Completely free of all microorganisms

Aseptic

Practices used to prevent contamination by microorganisms

Zoonotic Disease

An infectious disease that can be passed from animals to humans

Vector Bourne Disease

An illness transmitted to humans by a living organism such as a mosquito or tick

Rabies

A viral disease usually spread through infected animal saliva that can cause seizures and paralysis

West Nile Virus

A viral disease spread by mosquitoes that acquired the virus from infected birds

Toxoplasmosis

A disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii

A single-celled protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis

Prion

An infectious protein that causes diseases such as Mad Cow Disease

Mad Cow Disease

A fatal disease caused by prions and associated with infected cattle

Lyme Disease

A bacterial disease spread by black-legged ticks

Borrelia burgdorferi

The bacterium that causes Lyme disease

Ringworm

A fungal infection that causes a ring-shaped rash on the skin

Avian Flu

A viral infection associated with birds and poultry

Swine Flu

A viral respiratory illness associated with pigs

Spanish Flu

A worldwide influenza pandemic that occurred in 1918

Healthcare Associated Infection

Another term for a nosocomial infection acquired in a healthcare setting

Rabies Reservoir

Bats, raccoons, cats, and dogs

Rabies Agent

Virus

Rabies Transmission

Saliva from infected animals

Rabies Symptoms

Seizures, paralysis, and fear of water

Rabies Treatment

Vaccines and supportive care

West Nile Reservoir

Birds

West Nile Agent

Virus

West Nile Transmission

Mosquito bites

West Nile Symptoms

Fever

West Nile Treatment

Supportive care

Toxoplasmosis Reservoir

Pigs, cats, rats, deer, and sheep

Toxoplasmosis Agent

Toxoplasma gondii (Protozoa)

Toxoplasmosis Transmission

Infected cat feces, contaminated water, or undercooked meat

Toxoplasmosis Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms

Toxoplasmosis Treatment

Medication

Mad Cow Disease Reservoir

Cattle

Mad Cow Disease Agent

Prion

Mad Cow Disease Transmission

Eating infected beef

Mad Cow Disease Symptoms

Memory loss, emotional instability, and weakness

Mad Cow Disease Treatment

Supportive care

Lyme Disease Reservoir

Deer

Lyme Disease Agent

Borrelia burgdorferi (Bacterium)

Lyme Disease Transmission

Bite from an infected black-legged tick

Lyme Disease Symptoms

Rash, arthritis, fever, swollen lymph nodes, neurological signs, and heart problems

Lyme Disease Treatment

Antibiotics when caught early

Ringworm Reservoir

Contaminated surfaces

Ringworm Agent

Fungus

Ringworm Transmission

Touching contaminated surfaces

Ringworm Symptoms

Ring-shaped rash on the skin

Ringworm Treatment

Medicated cream and keeping the area dry

Avian Flu Reservoir

Birds (Domestic Poultry)

Avian Flu Agent

Virus

Avian Flu Transmission

Exposure to infected birds

Avian Flu Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms and pneumonia

Avian Flu Treatment

Seasonal flu medications and supportive care

Swine Flu Reservoir

Pigs

Swine Flu Agent

Virus

Swine Flu Transmission

Coughs and respiratory droplets

Swine Flu Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms and diarrhea

Swine Flu Treatment

Antiviral medications

Donning PPE Order

Hand Hygiene, Gown, Mask, Eye Protection, Gloves

Doffing PPE Order

Gloves, Eye Protection, Gown, Hand Hygiene, Mask

Active Immunity

Immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies and memory cells, resulting in long-term protection and a slower response

Passive Immunity

Immunity gained from another source of antibodies, providing immediate protection but no memory cells

Contact Isolation

Precautions used to prevent the spread of infections through direct contact; requires a gown and gloves

Airborne Isolation

Precautions used to prevent the spread of infections through the air; requires a negative pressure room

Droplet Isolation

Precautions used to prevent the spread of infections through respiratory droplets; requires eye protection and protection of portals of entry

Donning

The process of putting on personal protective equipment (PPE)

Doffing

The process of removing personal protective equipment (PPE)

Supportive Care

Treatment that helps relieve symptoms and support the body's recovery rather than curing the disease

Hong Kong Bird Cull

In 1997, all chickens in Hong Kong were slaughtered to help stop the spread of Avian Flu (Bird Flu)