The Educative Process - Chapter 7: School Law; Ethical and Legal Influences on Teaching Vocabulary

ED-109 Vocab.

academic freedom

The right of teachers to choose both content and teaching methods based on their professional judgment.

Buckley Amendment

A federal law, also called the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, that describes who may have access to a student's educational records.

collective bargaining

The process that occurs when a local chapter of a professional organization negotiates with a school district over the rights of the teachers and the conditions of employment.

copyright laws

Federal laws designed to protect the intellectual property of authors, including printed matter, videos, computer software, and various other types of original work.

corporal punishment

The use of physical, punitive disciplinary actions to correct student misbehavior.

cyberbullying

The use of electronic media to harass or intimidate other students.

data mining

The collection and analysis of large quantities of information intended to identify patterns in people's lives.

due process

A set of legal guidelines, based on the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, that must be followed to protect individuals from arbitrary or capricious actions by those in authority.

establishment clause

The clause of the First Amendment that prohibits the establishment of a national or state-sponsored religion.

fair-use guidelines

Policies that specify limitations in the use of copyrighted materials for educational purposes.

free exercise clause

The section of the First Amendment that prohibits the government from interfering with individuals' rights to hold religious beliefs and freely practice religion.

grievance

A formal complaint against an employer alleging unsatisfactory working conditions.

in loco parentis

A principle meaning "in place of the parents" that requires teachers to use the same judgment and care as parents in protecting the children under their supervision.

licensure

The process by which a state evaluates the credentials of prospective teachers to ensure that they have achieved satisfactory levels of teaching competence and are morally fit to work with youth.

negligence

A teacher's or other school employee's failure to exercise sufficient care in protecting students from injury.

notoriety

The extent to which a teacher's behavior becomes known and is controversial.

personalized learning

Technology that attempts to adjust online instruction to accommodate students' academic strengths and weakness as well as their interests and what motivates them to learn.

professional ethics

A set of moral standards for acceptable professional behavior.

reduction in force

The elimination of teaching positions because of declining student enrollment or inadequate school funds. Also known as "riffing."

sexting

The use of a cell phone to transmit sexual photos, videos, or texts; an increasing problem with students.

teaching contract

A legal employment agreement between a teacher and a local school board.

tenure

A legal safeguard that provides job security by preventing teacher dismissal without cause, usually granted after a probationary period (typically three years).