BSC201 Notes Midterm Test

Science

The systematic study of behavior through observation and experimentation.

Objective observation

The unbiased observation of nature.

Rational thought

Using logical thinking to establish general rules.

Hypotheses

Formulating and testing ideas based on evidence.

Operational definition

Defining variables in measurable terms.

Construct validity

The extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct.

Independent variable (IV)

The variable manipulated by the researcher.

Dependent variable (DV)

The variable that is measured in response to the independent variable.

Confound

A variable that influences the results but is not accounted for.

External validity

The extent to which study results can be generalized to other situations.

Ethical considerations

Guidelines ensuring the well-being and rights of research participants.

Informed Consent

Participants are informed about the study before agreeing to participate.

Freedom from Harm

Protecting participants from physical or psychological harm.

Confidentiality

Ensuring privacy and protecting participants' identities.

Debriefing

Post-study discussion with participants to address any concerns or provide additional information.

Reliability

The consistency and stability of measurement over time.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure.

Experimenter/Observer Bias

Biases introduced by the experimenter or observer.

Random Error

Unpredictable fluctuations that can affect measurement accuracy.

Construct validity

The degree to which a test measures the intended theoretical construct.