PY4 The Atom
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100 Terms
the Greek atom found that matter is composed of......
4 basic substances
What does the atom mean in greek terms?
invisible
What is the smallest part of the 4 substances?
the greek atom
Regarding atoms today what is another word for essences?
elements
how many elements are there in an atom?
118
how many of the 118 elements are artificially produced?
26
How many naturally occurring elements are there?
92 (approximately 100)
Elements are ordered in the periodic table by their.....
atomic number
What is the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of an element?
atom
name the subatomic particles
neutrons, protons, electrons, quark, gluons
electrons are located on the ______ of the _______
outside; nuleus
the Dalton atom was developed in
1808
the Dalton atom discovered elements could be classified according to their...
atomic mass
the Dalton atom stated that elements are composed of....
identical atoms
What theory did Dalton describe on how atoms were held together?
Hook and Eye Theory
Dmitri Mendeleev discovered the first periodic table had _____ elements
65
What was Dmitri Mendeleev
Russian scientist
Mendeleev's periodic tables were placed in order according to their___
atomic mass
In a Modern periodic table, elements are arranged ___ groups and ___ periods
8; 7
Elements in the same group in the Modern periodic table have similar_____
chemical and physical properties
what group of metals reacts violently with oxygen and combine with water?
alkali metals
what group has easily vaporized gases and form water-soluable salts
halogens
what group of gases highly resist reaction and inert
noble gases
elements in the same period have the same number of _______ in their outer shell
electrons
What atom model described an atom looks like plum pudding?
Thomson atom
when was the Thomson atom discovered
before the 20th century
in the 1890's it was concluded that electrons were an integral part of all atoms, while investigating properties of cathode rays. Which atom model was this during?
the Thomson atom
When was the Rutherford atom discovered?
1911
Who introduced the nuclear model?
Rutherford
Who identified that a nucleus had a positive center and negative cloud of electrons?
Rutherford
What atom model was discovered in 1913?
Bohr atom
the Bohr atom is described as looking like a___________
mini solar system
the Bohr atom explained how electrons revolve around the nucleus in ______
shells
what atom model is a miniature solar system where electrons revolve around the nucleus
Bohr atom
shells of an atom have prescribed ______
orbits
each orbit has a particular distance form the______
nucleus
what is it called where each orbit has a certain amount of energy that holds it in place
binding energy
What atom model do we currently use today?
the Bohr atom
what is the term for atoms of various elements that combine to form structures?
molecules
What is a new substance that is formed when two or more atoms of different elements combine?
chemical compound
What two ways do molecules hold together?
covalent and ionic bonding
What is the term for two things that are working together?
covalent bonding
Atoms that have no charge and are electrically neutral are involved in_____bonding
ionic
for atoms to be stable, they must have the same number of ________ and ________
protons and electrons
in ionic bonding, atoms have _____ charge in their natural state and are ___________
no; electrically neutral
when the outer shell of an atom is not filled, the atom can ______ electrons to an another atom or ______ electrons from another atom
give; take
if an atom gives an electron to another atom, it becomes _______ and has a ________ charge
ionized; positive
if an atom takes an electrons from another atom, it becomes _______ and has a _______ charge
ionized; negative
_____ charges bring atoms together
opposite
two atoms held together by opposite charges become a ________
molecule
a measurable quantity of molecules is called a_____
chemical compound
the smallest whole particle of an element is an _____
atom
the smallest particle of a compound is a ____
molecule
_____% of the earth is compounded of a dozen elements
95
____% of human body is composed of H, O, C, N
95
____% of the body is water
80
Which atoms have these characteristics?
-elements classified by atomic mass
-elements composed of identical atoms
Dalton atom
atoms share outer-shell electrons
covalent bonding
atoms give or take electrons from each other in _____ bonding
ionic
What are protons and neutrons called?
nucleons
What is the charge and amu of a proton?
+1; amu of 1
What is a neutron's charge and amu?
neutral 0; amu 1
What is a electrons charge, and amu
negative -1; amu 0
Where are electrons located?
outside the nucleus in orbits
Where are protons and neutrons located?
in the nucleus
whats located in the nucleus
protons and neutrons
how many groups and elements are there
8 groups, 7 elements
the z number represents the
atomic number
the A number represents the
atomic mass
The __________ is the amount of protons in an atom
atomic number
The ______ is the amount of protons and neutrons
atomic mass
What has the same number of protons and different number of neutrons?
isotopes
What has the same number of protons and neutrons?
isobars
What has the same number of neutrons and different number of protons?
isotones
What has the same number of neutrons and protons, but different energy types?
isomers
What has the same atomic numbers and different atomic mass?
isotopes
What has the same atomic mass and different atomic number?
isobars
What has the same number of neutrons, but different atomic mass and atomic number?
isotones
What has the same atomic mass and atomic number, but different energy types?
isomers
An ______ is mostly empty space
atom
What revolves around the nucleus in orbital shells?
electrons
What is the lightest particle? proton, nucleus, or electron?
electron
_______ are how electrons are arranged around the nucleus?
orbital shells
What determines which chemical element the atom is?
number of protons
What determines the chemical behavior of the atom?
number of electrons
The periodic table is arranged in order of _________
atomic number
The number of electrons and ________ are always the same amount
protons
When the number of protons increases, so do the ______
electrons
The only way an atom can be ionized is to ________ or add an electron
remove
What does ionization result in?
ion pair
An ion pair is made up of a positive _______ and negative ______
atom; electron
You will always have more _____ than protons
neutrons
The n number is also called the ______
shell number
What is another name for the Principle Quantum Number?
shell number
When NOT talking about the outermost shell, you should use the formula______
2n^2
The number of periods on the periodic table is the same number of ______
orbital shells
There are & periods on the periodic table, meaning that there are a maximum of _____ orbital shells
7
The outer shell electrons are also called ______ electrons
valence
How many electrons will there be in the outer shell for it to be full?
8
The number of electrons in the outer shell equal to the atoms _______ number
group