Special Education: EXAM 2

ID Federal Definition

Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

ID IDEA Definition

Intellectual disability means significantly sub average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term “intellectual disability” was formerly termed “mental retardation”.

ID Key Components

-significant limitations in intellectual functioning

-significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual. social, and practical adaptive skills.

-originates before the age of 18

Conceptual Adaptive Skills

-literacy

-information processing

-being receptive

-money concepts

-self-direction

-expressive language

social adaptive skills

-interpersonal

-responsibility

-self-esteem

-gullibility/naivete

-obey rules and laws

-avoids victimization

Personal Independence

the effectiveness or degree to which the individual meets the standards of ———— and social responsibility expected of his age and social group.

Mild MR

IQ: 50-70

identified until 4-6 yrs old / early childhood / school age

students master many academic skills

able to learn practical skills / job skills well enough to support themselves independently / semi-independently

Moderate MR

IQ: 35-50

significant delays in speech/development during the preschool years

as they grow older the discrepancies in age related adaptive and intellectual skills widen

Severe MR

IQ: 35 and below

Identified at birth

significant central nervous system damage

likely to have health care problems that require intensive supports

Deaf Federal Definition

deafness means a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

Deaf

can’t process linguistic information through audition with or without a hearing aid.

Hearing Impairment

“normal hearing” implies that we have enough hearing to continuum from mild to profound.

Hard of Hearing

with hearing aid, has residual hearing to process linguistic information through audition

auricle

collects sound waves into the auditory canal - waxy build up / diseases that leaves fluid or debris, malformed canals, if the ear drum doesn’t move properly, “Problem with Conducting” or transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear

Conductive Hearing Loss

interference with transfer of sound along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

problems in the inner ear / damage to auditory nerve fibers or other mechanisms in the inner ear.

Cochlea

converts physical characteristics of sound to corresponding neural info. - if damaged, distort at all. If Conductive and Sensorineural = mixed hearing loss / 50% unknown causes

moderate / severe

56 - 70 dB

hear, loud, clear conversational speech. Individual speech is noticeably impaired through intelligible

severe

71- 90 dB

can’t hear conversational speech unless it is loud even though they can’t recognize many of the words

profound

91+ dB

many hear loud sounds but can’t hear conversational speech at all / vision is the primary modality of conversation

Unilateral

one-sided

congenital hearing loss

born deaf

pre-lingual hearing loss

occurs at birth or before speech and language develops

bilateral

both sides

adventitious hearing loss

acquire deafness sometime after birth

post-lingual hearing loss

occurs after development of speech and language

Visual Federal Definition

visual impairment, including blindness means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.

Legal blindness

is based on visual acuity and field of vision / visual acuity 20/200 or less after correction of glasses or contact lenses

visual educational definition

emphasizes the relationship between vision and learning / ability to function using sight available

totally blind

receives no useful information through the sense of vision

functionally blind

learns primarily through the auditory channel

low vision

uses vision as a primary means of learning

blind

must learn to read braille

myopia

eye is larger than normal from front to back / the image conducted to the retina is thus somewhat out of focus / can see near —- distant more blurred (nearsightedness)

hyperopia

eye is shorted than normal, preventing light ray from converging in the retina / age of on-set (farsightedness)