HOSA PHARMACOLOGY LATEST EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+

Which method of medication administration provides the client with the greatest first-pass effect?

A) Oral.

B) Sublingual.

C) Intravenous.

D) Subcutaneous

A) Oral

An older client with a decreased percentage of lean body mass is likely to receive a prescription that is adjusted based on which pharmacokinetic process?

A) Absorption

B) Metabolism

C) Elimination

D) Distribution

D) Distribution

Which of the following is a parenteral method of administering a drug?

A) Topical

B) Oral

C) Sublingual

D) Rectal

A) Topical

Which of the following is an enteral method of administering drugs?

A. Rectal

B. Intranasal

C. Topical

D. Tracheal

A. Rectal

How are the solid forms of drugs most frequently administered?

A. Parenteral

B. Intravenous

C. Enteral

D. Inhalation

C. Enteral

Which of the following methods of medication administration is described as readily available, painless, and noninvasive but has limited value in an emergent situation because of slow or erratic absorption?

A. Sublingual

B. Oral

C. Topical

D. Rectal

B. Oral

What method of medication administration is best described as painless and has a rapid onset of action but requires a responsive, cooperative patient with an intact gag reflex?

A. Topical

B. Oral

C. IV

D. Buccal

D. Buccal

Which of the following methods of medication administration is easily accessible during an active seizure if an IV is unobtainable?

A. IO

B. SL

C. Rectal

D. Tracheal

C. Rectal

Which of the following medication administration methods has an immediate onset and is easily accessible, but is painful and time-consuming and has a significant potential for causing adverse reactions?

A. IM

B. SL

C. Rectal

D. IV

D. IV

Valium is an example of which type of drug name?

A. Generic name

B. Chemical name

C. Official name

D. Trade name

D. Trade name

Which of the following best describes the absorption of topical nitroglycerin in a patient with poor peripheral circulation?

A. Absorption is enhanced, and the results may be stronger than expected.

B. Absorption decreases, and the results may be stronger than expected.

C. Absorption is unchanged, and the results can be typical.

D. Absorption decreases, and the results may be less than desired.

D. Absorption decreases, and the results may be less than desired.

Which of the following terms is best defined as the passive transport of solutes?

A. Absorption

B. Diffusion

C. Osmosis

D. Concentration

B. Diffusion

The method of administration of a drug will have the greatest impact on which of the following actions?

A. Absorption

B. Excretion

C. Metabolism

D. Elimination

A. Absorption

Which of the following terms is used to describe a drug that produces a physiologic response when bonded with a receptor?

A. Affinity

B. Partial agonist

C. Antagonist

D. Agonist

D. Agonist

Which of the following terms describes the amount of a drug that is required to provide a beneficial effect in 50% of the drug-tested population?

A. Therapeutic dose

B. Plasma-level profile

C. Therapy state

D. Lethal dose

A. Therapeutic dose

Which of the following routes of administration provides the fastest rate of absorption?

A. IM

B. PO

C. IV

D. Sub-Q

C. IV

Which of the following actions is most likely to occur when a patient with chronic renal failure receives a medication?

A. Liver failure along with renal failure

B. Impaired ability to eliminate the drug

C. Kidney stones from an excess of drug in the system

D. A need for a diuretic to help eliminate the drug

B. Impaired ability to eliminate the drug

Which of the following drug classifications is an example of a drug's mechanism of action?

A. Chemical classification

B. Cardiac therapy

C. Therapeutic classification

D. Physiologic classification

C. Therapeutic classification

Which of the following drug classifications would best describe the bronchodilation effects of Brethine?

A. Class of agent

B. Mechanism of action

C. Body system

D. Physiologic classification

B. Mechanism of action

Once a drug has been developed, what is the next step the pharmaceutical company must take to gain FDA approval?

A. Put the drug into the U.S. Pharmacopoia before allowing any sales.

B. Secure a patent on the medication, and then sell it to various pharmacies.

C. List the medication on the stock market to recoup development costs.

D. Test the drug's effectiveness as an investigational drug.

D. Test the drug's effectiveness as an investigational drug.

Which of the following best describes why standardization of drugs is necessary?

A. Drugs are produced by the same company under different names.

B. Drugs have different doses depending on whether they are brand-name or generic drugs.

C. Drugs do not vary by dose and length of action based on where the drug is made.

D. Drugs may vary by strength and activity among drug manufacturers.

D. Drugs may vary by strength and activity among drug manufacturers.

Why is it important to know and understand the medications a patient is taking?

A. For testing purposes

B. For safe medication administration

C. For documentation purposes

D. For billing purposes

B. For safe medication administration

With ________ classifications, drugs are organized on the basis of their usefulness in treating a particular disorder.

A. therapeutic

B. pharmacologic

c. chemical

A. therapeutic

Drugs organized by ______ classifications are categorized based on how they produce their effects in the body.

A. therapeutic

B. pharmacologic

c. chemical

B. pharmacologic

A ________ drug is the original, well-understood drug model from which other drugs in a particular class have been deployed.

Prototype

The description given to a drug by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is its __________ name.

Chemical

The three types of drug names are:

chemical, generic, and trade names

One of the main arguments against substituting generic drugs for brand name drugs is differences in:

Bioavailability

Drugs with more than one active ingredient are called:

Combination drugs

The process of drug movement to achieve drug action

Pharmacokinetics

What is the key to the therapeutic classification of a drug?

Link the disorder to the drug's clinical usefulness

A drug's trade name is assigned by whom?

developing pharmaceutical company

Why is a drug scheduled drug?

the drug can cause dependency

What is an example of a commonly scheduled drug?

Morphine

In the United States, what law or agency restricts the use of controlled substances?

Controlled Substances Act

If for a particular drug there are no controlled studies in women or if studies in women and animals are not available to establish risk in pregnancy, the FDA classification is:

Category C

The _______ route means the nurse will administer the drug to the patient by mounts, under the tongue, or into the rectum.

Enteral

The traditional ___________ of drug administration form the operational basis for the safe delivery of medication.

10 rights

__________ and _________ are examples of rectal administration methods

Suppositories; enemas

The most common method of drug delivery is the:

Intramuscular route

Drugs are injected directly into the muscle in the:

Transdermal route

One popular method for delivering drugs across the skin at a slow steady rate is the:

Transdermal patch

_________, _________, and _______ type drug delivery methods are useful in treating respiratory and reproductive ailments.

Inhalation's; intimations; irrigations

Implants are generally administered by which drug administration method?

Subcutaneous

The study of the science of how various drug forms influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic activity.

A. Pharmacokinetics

B. Pharmacodynamic

C. Pharmaceutics

D. Pharmacognosy

E. Pharmacotherapeutics

C. Pharmaceutics

What the body does with the drug; Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion?

A. Pharmaceutics

B. Pharmacokinetics

C. Pharmacodynamics

D. Pharmacotherapeutics

E. Pharmacognosy

A. Pharmaceutics

The biochemical and physiological effect of the drug on the body tissue and microorganisms in or on the body.

A. Pharmaceutics

B. Pharmacotherapeutics

C. Pharmacokinetics

D. Pharmacodynamics

E. Pharmacognosy

D. Pharmacodynamics

The use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases.

A. Pharmaceutics

B. Pharmacognosy

C. Pharmacodynamics

D. Pharmacokinetics

E. Pharmacotherapeutics

E. Pharmacotherapeutics

The study of natural (plant and animal) drug sources, commonly known as herbals.

A. Pharmacognosy

B. Pharmaceutics

C. Pharmacodynamics

D. Pharmacotherapeutics

E. Pharmacokinetics

A. Pharmacognosy

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into systemic circulation (blood)

A. Absorption

B. Administration

C. Metabolism

D. Distribution

E. None of the above

A. Absorption

Dosage form, route of administration, bioavailability of the drug, and status of patient's circulation are all factors affecting.

A. Distribution

B. Absorption

C. Metabolism

D. Excretion

E. All of the above

B. Absorption

Liquids, elixers and syrups have the fastest absorption rates, rivaled only by enteric coated tablets.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Process by which drug becomes available to the body fluids and body tissues

A. Absorption

B. Excretion

C. Distribution

D. Metabolism

E. None of the above

C. Distribution

Drug moves from the blood into:

A. Tissues

B. Organs

C. Body fluids

D. All the above

D. All the above

Areas of more rapid distribution will result in higher drug concentrations.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Drug characteristics, tissue properties, blood flow, protein binding properties, water-soluble/fat-soluble and blood-brain barrier are factors affecting.

A. Metabolism

B. Distribution

C. Absorption

D. All the above

E. None of the above

B. Distribution

Which is not a drug distribution pattern?

A. Drug stays within vascular system

B. Drug distributes throughout body water

C. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

D. Drug distributes throughout body and tissue

E. None of the above

E. None of the above

A drug with a large molecular weight that tightly binds to plasma proteins would most likely follow what pattern of distribution.

A. Drug distributes throughout body water

B. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

C. Drug distributes throughout body and tissue

D. Drug stays in vascular system

E. None of the above

D. Drug stays in vascular system

A drug of low molecular weight would most likely follow what distribution pattern.

A. Drug distributes throughout body water

B. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

C. Drug distributes throughout body and tissue

D. Drug stays in vascular system

E. None of the above

A. Drug distributes throughout body water

Chloroquine in the liver, tetracycline in bone and teeth, iodine in thyroid glands describes which distribution pattern.

A. Drug distributes throughout body water

B. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

C. Drug distributes throughout body and tissue

D. Drug stays in vascular system

E. None of the above

B. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

Most common distribution pattern, determined by the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane, with highest concentrations in organs of elimination (kidneys, liver, intestine)

A. Drug distributes throughout body water

B. Drug concentrates in specific tissues

C. Drug distributes throughout body fluids and tissue

D. Drug stays in vascular system

E. None of the above

C. Drug distributes throughout body fluids and tissue

Which is not an area of rapid distribution?

A. Heart

B. Liver

C. Kidneys

D. Brain

E. Muscle

E. Muscle

Which is not an area of slow distribution?

A. Muscle

B. Fat

C. Skin

D. Heart

E. None of the above

D. Heart

Drug

Any chemical that affects the processes of a living organism

pharmacology

the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms and human beings

prescription drugs

those drugs that are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision

over-the-counter drugs

one that can be purchased without a prescription and is generally considered safe for consumers to use if the label's directions are followed carefully and all warnings are heeded

FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION

Blood flow

Drug affinity

Protein-binding effect

Malnutrition

Aging

Abscess/Exudates

Body glands

Tumors

Drug Enforcement Administration

regulates the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances

FACTORS AFFECTING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

Absorption from the site of entry

Distribution to the active site

Biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver

Excretion from the body

Orphan Drug Act of 1983

purpose was to facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases

pharmacodynamics

the mechanism of action by which drugs produce their effects based on time and dose

half-life

the time required for drug levels in the serum to decrease from 100 percent to 50 percent

placebo

a drug form that exerts no pharmacologic effect, no therapeutic effect, and has no side effects when administered

Rights of Medication Administration

Right Drug

Right Patient

Right Dose

Right Route

Right Time and Frequency

Right Documentation

Right History and Assessment

Drug approach and Right to Refuse

Right Drug-Drug Interaction and Evaluation

Right Education and Information

During medication administration how can the nurse properly confirm he or she has the right patient?*

A. Ask the patient to state their last name and compared this to the patient's ID arm band.

B. Ask the patient to state their full name and compare this information to the medication administration record and the patient's ID arm band.

C. Ask the patient to state their full name along with their date of birth and compare this information to the medication administration record and the patient's ID arm band.

C. Ask the patient to state their full name along with their date of birth and compare this information to the medication administration record and the patient's ID arm band.

The doctor writes an order for a medication. The nurse notes the order says to administer 12.5 mg PO. Pharmacy dispenses the nurse with 6.25 mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer and what medication administration right is the nurse assessing?*

A. 2 tablets, right evaluation

B. 2.5 tablets, right calculation

C. 2 tablet, right dosage

D. 2.5 tablets, right time

C. 2 tablet, right dosage

The doctor ordered a patient who is post-op from surgery to receive 2 mg of IV Morphine. The patient can have the pain medication every 4 hours PRN for a breakthrough pain rating of 5 or greater on 1-10 scale. The patient's current pain rating is a 6 on 1-10 scale. The patient's last dose was at 0400 and it is now 1000. You administer the medication as ordered. What information will you include in your documentation? Select all that applies:*

A. Pain Rating

B. Route

C. Location of the Pain

D. Dosage

E. Medication Name

F. Current Vital Signs

G. Follow-up Pain Rating

H. Time

I. All of the above

I. All of the above

You received a new medication order on a patient for the treatment of glaucoma. The patient has no other health history and is allergic to Penicillin. The order says to administer Timolol 0.25% 1 gtt twice a day. Your NEXT action is to:*

A. Administer the medication as ordered.

B. Confirm you have been dispensed with the right medication before administering the medication and then administer the medication.

C. Hold the order until you can obtain an order clarification from the prescribing physician.

D. Educate the patient on how to perform punctual occlusion before administering the medication.

C. Hold the order until you can obtain an order clarification from the prescribing physician.

A patient is admitted with right-sided heart failure. The patient is prescribed Lisinopril, Metoprolol, and Furosemide. You prepare the medications as ordered using the medication administration rights to ensure patient safety. When assessing the "Right Reason" for Furosemide you determine?*

A. This medication is a loop diuretic that will help increase urination and remove extra fluid from the blood.

B. This medication is a nitrate that will help dilate the coronary arteries and increase oxygen delivery to the myocardium.

C. This medication is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and will help decrease lipid levels in the blood.

D. This medication is an ACE inhibitor and will help decrease cardiac output.

A. This medication is a loop diuretic that will help increase urination and remove extra fluid from the blood

A patient is scheduled to take three medications at 1000. The nurse confirms the following about each medication: right medication, right dose, right time, and right route. When thinking of the first 8 Rights of Medication Administration what "right" is the nurse missing?*

A. Right Site

B. Right Assessment

C. Right Documentation

D. Right Patient

D. Right Patient

True or False: The purpose of the medication administration rights is to help prevent medication errors.*

A. True

B. False

A. True

Pharmacotherapeutics

the desired therapeutic effect of the drug; the reason for prescribing the drug

Response curve

the relationship between the dose of a drug administered and the response it produces

Steady state

the balance of drug being administered and amount being eliminated

Intrinsic activity

drug's ability to stimulate its receptor

Loading dose

large dose. when a pt needs an immediate and full drug effect

Adverse effect

an undesirable effect other than the intended therapeutic effect

Side effect

any effect that is caused by a drug and that is different from the drug's intended effect. Normal, however undesirable

Toxic effect

specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death

Pharmacogenomics

The study of genetic variations that cause differences in drug response among individuals or populations.

Pharmacogenetics

The study of genetic causes of INDIVIDUAL variations in drug response

Genotype

- The genetic constitution of an individual person- The set of genes in our DNA

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or physical manifestations of a person's genotype

After how many doses of a medication is the therapeutic effect concentration commonly reached?

5 doses

What happens to a drugs half life when you add more doses before the drug has fully been removed from the body

The concentration in the body increases, bringing the concentration closer to the level needed to reach the "therapeutic effect" of the drug.

Sources of drugs

natural and synthetic

Natural source

Drugs made from plants, animals and organic compounds

Synthetic sources

drugs made from laboratories; genetically modified

3 Principle of Pharmacology

1.Pharmacokinetics 2.Pharmacodynamics 3.Pharmacotherapeutics