CNA Ch. 4: Signs & Symptoms

skin

The largest organ in the body is

injury

Skin prevents _______ to internal organs

water

Skin also prevents the loss of too much _______, which is essential to life

sense

The skin is also a _______ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure

dilate

Blood vessels ______, or widen, when the outside temperature is too high

constrict

Blood vessels, _____, or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Thinning skin

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Bruises

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Cut in skin

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Wrinkles

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Brown spots

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Thinning of fatty tissue

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Flaking skin

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Thinning hair

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Less elastic skin

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Reddened skin

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Swollen skin

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Gray hair

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: "Orange-peel" look of skin

both the red spot and the bruise

A nursing assistant (NA) is providing care for a resident. As the NA is helping the resident turn over, she notices that the resident has a red spot above her buttocks and a bruise on her upper arm. Which items should the NA report to the nurse?

true

True or false: The body is shaped by muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage

false

True or false: The human body has 215 bones

true

True or false: Bones protect the body's organs

true

True or false: Two bones meet at a joint

true

True or false: Muscles allow movement of the body parts

true

True or false: Range of motion exercises help prevent problems related to immobility

true

True or false: Atrophy occurs when the muscle weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away

true

True or false: Falls can be prevented by keeping paths clear and keeping walkers or canes within easy reach

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Bruising on the skin

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Weakening of muscles

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Loss of muscle tone

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Change in ability to do routine movements or ROM exercises

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Loss of bone density

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Increased brittleness of bones

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Aches and pains

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Loss of height

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Pain during movement

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Increased swelling of joints

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: White, shiny, and warm area over the joint

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Slowing of body movement

swelling

Arthritis is a general term referring to ____ of the joints:

-immobility

-swelling

-redness

-stiffness

the immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

What happens with an autoimmune illness?

-the circulatory system stops working, and blood backs up in the heart

-the immune system attacks diseased tissue in the body

-the immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

-the musculoskeletal system becomes diseased

the elderly

Osteoarthritis is common in:

-the elderly

-infants

-teenagers

-nursing assistants

is unable to support any weight on one or both legs

If an NA sees NWB on a resident's care plan, the resident:

-can support 100 percent of his body weight on one leg

-can support some weight, but not all, on one or both legs

-is unable to support any weight on one or both legs

-can use stairs without assistance

affected (weaker) side

Which side should residents recovering from a hip replacement dress first?

-affected (weaker) side

-right side

-unaffected (stronger) side

-left side

osteoporosis

Fractures are broken bones and are often caused by:

-a high fat diet

-hypertension

-osteoporosis

-angina

an abduction pillow

What kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement?

-an abduction pillow

-a body pillow

-a rotation pillow

-an extension pillow

a knee replacement can help restore motion to the knee

Which of the following statements is true of a knee replacement?

-the recovery time is longer for a knee replacement than for a hip replacement

-the person will not be able to bear weight on the knee again after a knee replacement

-a knee replacement can help restore motion to the knee

-fluid intake should be restricted after a knee replacement

controls and coordinates bodily function

The nervous system:

-gives the body shape and structure

-controls and coordinates bodily function

-is the largest organ in the body

-pumps blood through the blood vessels to the cells

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

The two main parts of the nervous system are:

-cardiovascular system and integumentary system

-neurons and receptors

-the body and the brain

-central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Inability to move one side of the body

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Depression

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Fatigue with movement

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Shaking

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Decreased sense of heat and cold

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Slurred speech

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Decreased ability to perform ADLs

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Slower responses and reflexes

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Trouble swallowing

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Confusion

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Decreased sensitivity of nerve endings in skin

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Violent behavior

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Minor, short-term memory loss

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Changes in vision or hearing

false

True or false: Residents with paralysis or loss of movement do not need physical therapy

true

True or false: Leg exercises help improve circulation

false

True or false: When helping with transfers or ambulation, the NA should stand on the resident's stronger side

true

True or false: The NA should always use the gait belt for safety when helping a resident who has had a stroke to walk

false

True or false: The NA should refer to the side that has been affected by stroke as the bad side so that the resident will understand which side the NA is talking about

true

True or false: Gestures are important in communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

true

True or false: Residents who suffer confusion or memory loss due to a stroke may feel more secure if the NA keeps a routine of care

true

True or false: Residents with a loss of sensation could easily burn themselves

true

True or false: The NA should ask questions that can be answered with a yes or a no when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

false

True or false: When assisting with dressing a resident who has had a stroke, the NA should dress the stronger side first

true

True or false: Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes a section of the brain to degenerate

true

True or false: Parkinson's disease causes a shuffling gait and a mask-like facial expression

false

True or false: Pill-rolling is something that people with Parkinson's disease must do before taking their medication

false

True or false: Residents with Parkinson's disease should be discouraged from performing any of their own care to save energy

covering

Multiple sclerosis causes the protective ______ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain to break down over time

messages

For a person with MS, nerves cannot send ______ to and from the brain in a normal way

blurred

Symptoms of MS include ______ vision, fatigue, tremors, poor balance, and trouble walking

rest

As should offer _______ periods as necessary for residents with MS

communicate

The NA should give residents plenty of time to _____ because people with MS often have trouble forming their thoughts

stress

_____ can worsen the effect of MS so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk

true

True or false: The effects of a spinal cord injury depend on the location of the injury and the force of the impact

false

True or false: The lower the injury on the spinal cord, the greater the loss of function will be

false

True or false: Quadriplegia is a loss of function of the lower body and legs

false

True or false: Rehabilitation is of little help for people who have had spinal cord injuries

true

True or false: Residents with head or spinal cord injuries will need emotional support as well as physical help

true

True or false: People with spinal cord injuries may not feel burns because of loss of sensation

true

True or false: The NA should help residents change positions at least every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers

false

True or false: Residents with spinal cord injuries should drink very little fluid to prevent UTIs

-eyes

-ears

-nose

-tongue

-skin

List the 5 sense organs of the body

heart, vessels

The circulatory system is made up of the _____, blood, and blood _______

oxygen

The blood carries food, ______ and other substances cells need to function

waste

The circulatory system removes _____ products from cells

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Severe headache

normal

Normal or sign/symptom: Heart pumps less efficiently

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Chest pain

sign/symptom

Normal or sign/symptom: Swelling of hands and feet