Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the key characteristics of externalizing disorders?

Poor impulse control, rule breaking, aggression, impulsivity, and inattention.

What is the incidence rate of externalizing disorders in children and teens?

7-10%.

Name two problems in adulthood associated with externalizing disorders.

Substance abuse and anti-social personality disorder.

What is the most frequently diagnosed externalizing disorder?

ADHD.

What is the pattern of behavior characterized in Oppositional Defiant Disorder according to DSM V?

Angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months.

What are the three behaviors listed in the criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

Angry/Irritable Mood, Argumentative/Defiant Behavior, Vindictiveness.

What defines Conduct Disorder according to DSM V?

Problematic behavior related to poor impulse-control, including rule breaking, aggression, impulsivity, and inattention.

List three types of aggressive behaviors associated with Conduct Disorder.

Aggression to humans or animals, property destruction, deceitfulness or theft.

What is the development cascade model?

A model explaining how difficult temperament in children leads to poor responses from parents, which further hinders the child's behavior.

What is a Microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's System?

The immediate environment, including parents, siblings, and others in the household.

What does the Macrosystem in Bronfenbrenner’s model encompass?

Cultural values, structures to support families and education, and systemic racism.

What is one critical aspect of supporting families according to the notes?

Continuity of attachment figures.

What are the key dimensions of self-concept?

Developmental progression from actions to dispositions, from concrete to abstract, and from absolute to situational.

According to Susan Harter, what are the domains of self-esteem?

Academic, social, physical, behavioral, and athletic self-esteem.

What are the two types of theorists described by Carol Dweck regarding academic mindsets?

Entity theorists (fixed mindsets) and incremental theorists (growth mindsets).

What are the early stages of Erikson's theory?

Trust versus Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Initiative versus Guilt, Industry versus Inferiority.

What is the literacy rate in Ecuador?

91.4%.

What is one significant challenge faced by children in Ecuador regarding education?

Many children are forced to work instead of attending school, especially after age 14.

What aspect of education does Cuba prioritize?

Education for social cohesion.

What is the average school life expectancy for women in Cuba?

19 years.

Describe the focus of child development in Cuba post-revolution.

Provision of day care facilities and emphasis on science and community involvement.

List one advantage of organized sports for children.

Learn competition and develop scheduled exercise.

What is one concern about organized sports for children?

Pressure to perform and less unstructured play time.

According to the notes, what are the symptoms of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders?

Fatigue, clumsiness, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

What are two concerns regarding children's test scores?

Declining motivation for learning and family factors.

What types of intelligence tests are discussed in the notes?

Stanford-Binet and Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.

What issue do cultural and language biases in testing lead to?

Challenges in accurately assessing intelligence.

What are the four major categories of child maltreatment?

Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse.

What is the importance of vaccines mentioned in the notes?

To prevent illnesses and protect public health.

What does the 'Marshmallow Test' measure according to Walter Mischel’s research?

Self-regulation and delay of gratification.

What is the goal of the Vineland Scales of Adaptive Development?

Diagnosis, treatment, and research.

Define Executive Function.

Inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.

List one consequence of child abuse on brain development.

Executive function damage affecting memory and impulse control.

What is the recommendation for physical activity for children?

60 minutes a day.

What do the principles of education in Cuba focus on?

Community participation and special outreach for rural children.

Name one key consequence of environmental pollutants on children’s health.

Increased risk of asthma or developmental issues.

What does the term 'Nature-Deficit Disorder' refer to?

The negative effects of reduced exposure to nature on children's health.

What is a critical aspect of child emotional development as per Izard's research?

Self-conscious emotions such as guilt and shame.

What is a key limitation of the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory?

Conservation problems in understanding quantity.

Name one factor that contributes to the effectiveness of teacher training in Cuba.

High status and morale of teachers.

What is a misconception related to teacher effects according to Rosenthal’s Study?

Stereotypes can lead to biased expectations affecting student performance.

How is the self-fulfilling prophecy related to student outcomes?

Negative expectations can hinder student performance.