CH 17: Neisseria sp. and Moraxella catarrhalis

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General characteristics of Neisseria sp. and Moraxella catarrhalis

  • G (-) diplococci

    • coffee bean or kidney shaped

  • normal flora of respiratory and genital mucous membranes

  • most are capnophilic

  • grow best enriched media like chocolate agar

  • testing

    • catalase and oxidase (+)


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Chocolate agar (CHOC)

  • enriched media - good for many growth

  • lysed RBC

  • contains X (hemin) and V (NAD) factor


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Thayer-Martin Agar (TM)

  • enriched, selective media for Neisseria sp.

  • same makeup as CHOC w/ added anti. to prevent GPs and GNBs from growing


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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  • true pathogen

  • STI

  • symptoms

    • male: urethritis, urethral discharge, painful urination

    • female: cervical discharge and pelvic pain

      • up tp 50% cases are asymptomatic

      • lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

  • other infections

    • oropharyngeal or anal/rectal

    • opthalmia neonatorum

      • erythromycin drops

    • septic arthritis


<ul><li><p>true pathogen</p></li><li><p>STI </p></li><li><p>symptoms </p><ul><li><p>male: urethritis, urethral discharge, painful urination</p></li><li><p>female: cervical discharge and pelvic pain</p><ul><li><p>up tp 50% cases are asymptomatic</p></li><li><p>lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>other infections </p><ul><li><p>oropharyngeal or anal/rectal </p></li><li><p>opthalmia neonatorum</p><ul><li><p>erythromycin drops</p></li></ul></li><li><p>septic arthritis </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Testing

  • diagnostic gram staining

    • intracellular GN diplococci from MALE urethra

  • testing

    • capnophilic

    • growth on Thayer-Martin

    • utilizes glucose, but not maltose/lactose


<ul><li><p>diagnostic gram staining </p><ul><li><p><strong>intracellular</strong> GN diplococci from MALE urethra</p></li></ul></li><li><p>testing </p><ul><li><p>capnophilic </p></li><li><p>growth on Thayer-Martin</p></li><li><p>utilizes <strong><u>g</u>lucose</strong>, but not maltose/lactose</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Neisseria meningitidis

  • commensal bacteria found in nasopharynx and oropharynx of 30% population

    • opportunistic

  • most associated w/ meningitis and bacteremia in young adults in close living

    • meningococcal meningitis

  • symptoms

    • stiff neck, headache, fever, photophobia, confusion, seizures

    • disseminated rash, intravascular coagulation, 10-15% mortality


<ul><li><p>commensal bacteria found in nasopharynx and oropharynx of 30% population</p><ul><li><p>opportunistic </p></li></ul></li><li><p>most associated w/ meningitis and bacteremia in young adults in close living</p><ul><li><p>meningococcal meningitis </p></li></ul></li><li><p>symptoms</p><ul><li><p>stiff neck, headache, fever, photophobia, confusion, seizures</p></li><li><p>disseminated rash, intravascular coagulation, 10-15% mortality </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Neisseria meningitidis - Testing

  • capnophilic

  • growth on Thayer-Martin agar

  • utilizes glucose and maltose, but not lactose


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Neisseria lactamica

  • strictly commensal bacteria

  • utilizes glucose, maltose, and lactose


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Moraxella catarrhalis

  • GN diplococci w/ “kissing” morphology

  • colony: opaque gray to white, “hockey puck” slide

  • infections

    • upper and lower respiratory infections

      • otitis media, sinusitis, pneumoniae, eye infections

  • testing

    • oxidase (+)

    • assachroytic

    • no growth on Thayer-Martin

    • positive catarrhalis disk


<ul><li><p>GN diplococci w/ “kissing” morphology </p></li><li><p>colony: opaque gray to white, “hockey puck” slide </p></li><li><p>infections </p><ul><li><p>upper and lower respiratory infections </p><ul><li><p>otitis media, sinusitis, pneumoniae, eye infections </p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>testing </p><ul><li><p>oxidase (+)</p></li><li><p>assachroytic</p></li><li><p>no growth on Thayer-Martin</p></li><li><p>positive catarrhalis disk </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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