English CT Study Notes

Give an example of a degree adverb.

Almost, quite, too.

Give an example of a frequency adverb.

Always, usually, often.

Give an example of a manner adverb.

Slowly, beautifully, loudly.

Give an example of a place adverb.

Here, nearby, upwards.

Give an example of a time adverb.

Yesterday, soon, never.

How is the future simple tense formed?

Subject + shall/will + base form of the verb (e.g., I shall study English.)

How is the past simple tense formed?

Subject + past form of the verb (e.g., I studied English.)

How is the present simple tense formed?

Subject + base form of the verb (e.g., I study English.)

What are the three main tenses in English?

Past, Present, Future

What does an adverb modify?

A verb, adjective, or another adverb.

What happens to a verb with 'ing' in the present continuous tense?

It must stay an 'ing' in past continuous and future continuous.

What is an example of a sentence using the future continuous tense?

I shall be watching a series on Netflix.

What is an example of a sentence using the past continuous tense?

I was watching a series on Netflix.

What is the difference between 'I will watch' and 'I will be watching'?

'I will watch' is future simple; 'I will be watching' is future continuous.

What is the example of a sentence using the present simple tense?

I study English.

What is the rule for the future simple tense?

Possibility of an activity happening in the future.

What is the rule for the past simple tense?

An activity started and ended in the past.

What is the rule for the present simple tense?

An activity is happening right now.

What is the significance of 'I shall, we shall, everyone else will'?

It indicates the formation of future simple tense.

What is the structure of the future continuous tense?

Subject + shall/will be + verb+ing (e.g., I shall be studying English.)

What is the structure of the past continuous tense?

Subject + was/were + verb+ing (e.g., I was studying English.)

What is the structure of the present continuous tense?

Subject + am/is/are + verb+ing (e.g., I am studying English.)

Line

A single row of words in a poem.

Stanza

A group of lines in a poem, similar to a paragraph in prose.

Refrain

A line or group of lines repeated in a poem, often at the end of a stanza.

Rhyme

Words that sound the same at the end (e.g., cat/hat).

Rhyme Scheme

The pattern of rhymes in a poem (e.g., ABAB or AABB).

Mood

The feeling or atmosphere the poem creates for the reader (e.g., joyful, sad, mysterious).

Tone

The poet's attitude or feelings shown in the poem (e.g., serious, playful, angry).

Imagery

Words that create pictures in the reader's mind by appealing to the senses.

Alliteration

Repetition of the same beginning sound in nearby words (e.g., Peter Piper picked...).

Onomatopoeia

Words that imitate sounds (e.g., buzz, crash, hiss).

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things (e.g., The wind whispered).

Simile

A comparison using like or as (e.g., as fast as a cheetah).

Metaphor

A comparison that says one thing is another (e.g., Time is money).

Theme

The main idea or message of the poem.

Haiku

A Japanese poem with three lines (5-7-5 syllables) usually about nature.

Shape Poem

A poem where the words are arranged to form a picture of the subject.

Limerick

A funny five-line poem with a rhyme scheme AABBA.

Narrative Poem

A poem that tells a story.

Free Verse

A poem with no set rhyme or rhythm.

Cinquain

A five-line poem with a set pattern of words or syllables.

Acrostic Poem

A poem where the first letters of each line spell out a word.

Couplet

A two-line poem or stanza, usually rhyming.

Ballad

A poem that tells a story, often with a regular rhythm and rhyme.

Sonnet

A 14-line poem with a rhyme scheme, often about love or deep feelings.

Justify

To show or prove that a decision, action, or idea is reasonable or necessary.

Infer

To think, judge, or speculate based on evidence, facts, or observations.

Satire

Uses humour, exaggeration, or mockery to criticise something.

Irony

When what happens or is said is the opposite of what we expect.

Pun

A play on words that uses different meanings or similar sounds to create humour.

Ambiguity

The uncertainty that occurs when something has more than one possible meaning.

Sarcasm

Saying something that appears positive or ordinary but actually means the opposite, often to mock.

Exaggeration

Making something seem much greater, smaller, better, or worse than it really is.

Parody

A humorous imitation of a person, style, story, or work.

Homophone

A word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning or spelling.

Homonym

A word that has the same spelling or sound as another word but a different meaning.

Wit

Clever and quick thinking expressed through words, often humorously.

Innuendo

A comment that suggests something without saying it directly.

Understatement

Making something seem less important, serious, or impressive than it really is.

Context

The words, situation, or information around something that help us understand its meaning.

Connotation

The feelings or ideas that a word suggests beyond its basic meaning.

Intention

The purpose or reason behind what someone says, writes, or does.