College of the Desert Biology 13 Lab Practical #3: Human Muscular System

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the origin, relative location, anatomical classification, and primary actions of muscles of the shoulder, upper extremity, hip, thigh, leg, foot, head, neck, and torso for Biology 13 Lab Practical #3.

Trapezius

Superficial, superior posterior muscle acting on the shoulder and arm; functions to raise/shrug the shoulder.

Latissimus dorsi

Superficial, inferior posterior muscle acting on the shoulder and arm; functions to depress the arm.

Deltoid

Superficial muscle located on the round of the shoulder; functions to raise the upper arm.

Rotator cuff muscles

Group of muscles (Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres minor) that stabilize the head of the humerus to the glenoid cavity.

Subscapularis

Rotator cuff muscle located on the anterior aspect of the scapula; stabilizes the head of the humerus to the glenoid cavity.

Levator scapulae

Muscle located on the superior aspect and deep medial border of the scapula; functions to raise the scapula.

Rhomboideus minor

Muscle located superior and medial on the posterior aspect / deep medial border of the scapula; functions to retract the scapula.

Rhomboideus major

Muscle located inferior and medial on the posterior aspect / deep medial border of the scapula; functions to retract the scapula.

Supraspinatus

Rotator cuff muscle located superior to the spine of the scapula; functions to abduct the humerus.

Infraspinatus

Rotator cuff muscle located inferior to the spine of the scapula; functions to adduct the humerus.

Teres minor

Rotator cuff muscle located along the superior and lateral border of the scapula; stabilizes the head of the humerus to the glenoid cavity.

Teres major

Posterior muscle acting on the shoulder and arm, located along the inferior and lateral border of the scapula.

Triceps brachii

Muscle located on the posterior brachial region; functions to extend the lower arm.

Biceps brachii

Anterior muscle acting on the shoulder and arm; functions to flex the lower arm.

Coracobrachialis

Anterior muscle located deep to the short head of the biceps; functions to adduct the upper arm/humerus.

Brachialis

Superficial anterior arm muscle that acts on the forearm.

Brachioradialis

Superficial, lateral anterior muscle acting on the forearm; functions to flex the lower arm.

Pronator teres

Deep muscle located in the proximal forearm; functions to pronate the palm and lower arm.

Palmaris longus

Anterior muscle acting on the wrist, hand, and fingers; functions to flex the palm.

Flexor carpi radialis

Lateral anterior muscle acting on the wrist; functions to flex the wrist.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Medial anterior muscle acting on the wrist; functions to flex the wrist.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Superficial anterior forearm muscle; functions to flex digits/phalanges 2-5.

Flexor pollicis longus

Lateral anterior muscle of the forearm; functions to flex the thumb/phalanges 1.

Abductor pollicis brevis

Muscle of the thenar eminence; functions to abduct the thumb/phalanges 1.

Opponens pollicis

Muscle of the thenar eminence; functions in opposition between the thumb and digit/phalanges 5 (small digit).

Flexor pollicis brevis

Muscle of the thenar eminence; functions to flex the thumb/phalanges 1.

Abductor digiti minimi (hand)

Muscle of the hypothenar eminence; functions to abduct digit/phalanges 5 (small digit).

Flexor digiti minimi (hand)

Muscle of the hypothenar eminence; functions to flex digit/phalanges 5 (small digit).

Opponens digiti minimi

Muscle of the hypothenar eminence; functions in opposition between the thumb and digit/phalanges 5 (small digit).

Anconeus

Posterior muscle acting on the forearm; functions to extend the lower arm.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Lateral posterior muscle acting on the wrist; functions to extend the wrist.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Posterior muscle acting on the wrist, positioned medial to the extensor carpi radialis longus; functions to extend the wrist.

Extensor digitorum

Posterior muscle acting on the fingers; functions to extend digits/phalanges 2-4.

Extensor digiti minimi

Posterior muscle acting on the fingers; functions to extend digit/phalanges-5.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Lateral posterior muscle acting on the wrist; functions to extend the wrist.

Abductor pollicis longus

Lateral posterior muscle acting on the thumb; functions to abduct the thumb/phalanges-1.

Extensor pollicis longus

Posterior muscle represented only by its tendon on the model; functions to extend the thumb/phalanges-1.

Extensor pollicis brevis

Posterior muscle acting on the thumb; functions to extend the thumb/phalanges-1.

Iliopsoas

Medial compartment muscle of the hip and thigh composed of iliacus and psoas major; functions to flex the thigh.

Pectineus

Muscle of the medial compartment of the hip and thigh; functions to adduct the thigh.

Adductor longus

Muscle of the medial compartment of the hip and thigh; functions to adduct the thigh.

Adductor magnus

Muscle of the medial compartment of the hip and thigh; functions to adduct the thigh.

Gracilis

Muscle of the medial compartment of the hip and thigh; functions to adduct the thigh.

Sartorius

Muscle of the anterior compartment of the hip and thigh known as the 'tailor’s muscle'; functions to laterally rotate the thigh.

Quadriceps Femoris muscles

Anterior thigh muscle group consisting of Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, and Vastus medialis; function to extend the lower leg and knee.

Tensor fasciae latae

Muscle of the lateral compartment of the hip and thigh; functions to abduct the thigh.

Gluteus maximus

Muscle of the posterior compartment of the hip; functions to extend the thigh.

Gluteus medius

Muscle of the posterior compartment of the hip; functions to abduct the thigh.

Piriformis

Posterior compartment muscle of the hip; functions to retract the femur/thigh.

Superior gemellus

Posterior compartment muscle of the hip; functions to retract the femur/thigh.

Inferior gemellus

Posterior compartment muscle of the hip; functions to retract the femur/thigh.

Obturator internus

Posterior compartment muscle of the hip; functions to retract the femur/thigh.

Quadratus femoris

Posterior compartment muscle of the hip; functions to retract the femur/thigh.

Hamstring muscles

Posterior thigh muscle group (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris) that extends the thigh and flexes the knee/lower leg.

Semitendinosus

Medial, superficial hamstring muscle of the posterior thigh; functions to extend the thigh and flex the knee/lower leg.

Semimembranosus

Medial, deep hamstring muscle of the posterior thigh; functions to extend the thigh and flex the knee/lower leg.

Biceps femoris

Lateral hamstring muscle of the posterior thigh; functions to extend the thigh and flex the knee/lower leg.

Tibialis anterior

Muscle of the anterior leg; functions to dorsiflex the foot.

Extensor digitorum longus

Muscle of the anterior leg; functions to dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes (toes up).

Fibularis (Peroneus) longus

Muscle of the lateral leg; functions in eversion of the foot.

Fibularis (Peroneus) brevis

Muscle of the lateral leg; functions in eversion of the foot.

Gastrocnemius

Superficial muscle of the posterior leg; functions to plantar flex the foot.

Soleus

Superficial muscle of the posterior leg; functions to plantar flex the foot.

Abductor halluces

Muscle of the foot; functions to abduct the phalanges-1 (big toe).

Flexor digitorum brevis

Muscle of the foot; functions to flex phalanges 2-4.

Flexor halluces brevis

Muscle of the foot; functions to flex phalanges-1 (big toe).

Abductor digiti minimi (foot)

Muscle of the foot; functions to abduct phalanges-5 (small toe).

Frontalis

Frontal belly of the epicranius muscle; functions to raise eyebrows and pull the scalp anteriorly.

Occipitalis

Occipital belly of the epicranius muscle; functions to pull the scalp posteriorly.

Temporalis

Muscle of mastication; functions to raise the mandible.

Masseter

Muscle of mastication; functions to raise the mandible.

Orbicularis oculi

Circular muscle of the face around the eye; functions to close the eyes.

Procerus

Facial muscle located between the eyes.

Nasalis

Muscle of the face; functions to flare the nares/nostrils.

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Muscle of the face; functions to raise the superior border of the mouth.

Levator labii superioris

Muscle of the face; functions to raise the superior border of the mouth.

Zygomaticus minor

Muscle of the face; functions to raise the lateral border of the mouth.

Zygomaticus major

Muscle of the face; functions to raise the lateral border of the mouth.

Buccinator

Deep muscle of the cheek; functions to collapse the cheeks.

Risorius

Facial muscle known as the 'smiling muscle'; functions to retract the lateral angle of the mouth.

Orbicularis oris

Circular muscle of the face surrounding the mouth; functions to close the mouth.

Depressor anguli oris

Muscle of the face; functions to depress the angle of the mouth.

Depressor labii inferioris

Muscle of the face; functions to depress the inferior border of the mouth/lower lip.

Mentalis

Muscle of the chin; functions to depress and protrude the lower lip.

Superior rectus

Extraocular rectus muscle of the eye; functions to raise the eye.

Inferior rectus

Extraocular rectus muscle of the eye; functions to depress the eye.

Lateral rectus

Extraocular rectus muscle of the eye; functions to abduct the eye.

Medial rectus

Extraocular rectus muscle of the eye; functions to medially rotate the eye.

Superior oblique

Extraocular oblique muscle of the eye; functions to move the eye down and out.

Inferior oblique

Extraocular oblique muscle of the eye; functions to move the eye up and out.

Sternocleidomastoid

Superficial anterior neck muscle; functions to flex the cervical region/neck.

Anterior scalene

Lateral neck and thoracic ribcage muscle; functions to raise the superior part of the thoracic cavity.

Middle scalene

Lateral neck and thoracic ribcage muscle; functions to raise the superior part of the thoracic cavity.

Posterior scalene

Lateral neck and thoracic ribcage muscle; functions to raise the superior part of the thoracic cavity.

Semispinalis capitis

Posterior neck muscle acting in opposition to the Sternocleidomastoid.

Splenius capitis

Posterior neck muscle acting in opposition to the Sternocleidomastoid.

External intercostal muscle

Thoracic ribcage muscle; functions to expand the thoracic cavity.

Internal intercostal muscle

Thoracic ribcage muscle; functions to depress/compress the thoracic cavity.

Rectus abdominis

Central abdominal muscle with tendinous intersections, covered by a sheath.

Linea alba

Central fibrous structure of the abdominal wall.