HA exam 2 - respiratory

tactile fremitus

palpable vibration of chest wall produced by patient’s voice

Dahl’s sign

hyperpigmented patches on thighs suggesting patient has been leaning forward for long periods to breathe

crepitus

air in subcutaneous tissue, palpable sensation of rice crispies

bronchial breath sounds

high pitch, around trachea

bronchovesicular lung sounds

heard in first and second intercostal spaces beside sternum

vesicular lung sounds

soft and low-pitched, normally heard in entirety of lung fields

adventitious breath sounds

wheezing or crackles

wheezing

high pitched whistling sound heard primarily during expiration

stridor

high pitched crowing sound from upper airway obstruction

ronchi

low pitched snoring quality caused by secretions in large airways

pleural friction rub

grating or squeaking sound when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together

work of breathing

physical effort required to inhale and exhale, often assessed by observing accessory muscle use