Rock cycle Flashcards

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10 Terms

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Igneous Rocks

Formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and crystallises.

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Intrusive Igneous

Cools slowly underground with large crystals

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Extrusive Igneous

Cools quickly on the surface with small crystals

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Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from rock fragments, minerals, or organic remains compacted and cemented together.

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Metamorphic Rocks

Formed when existing rocks are altered by intense heat and pressure deep inside the Earth

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5 Steps of Sedimentary Formation

Weathering -> Erosion -> Deposition -> Compaction -> Cementation.

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Weathering vs Erosion :

Weathering breaks rocks down in place; Erosion moves the broken pieces around.

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Biological Weathering

Breakdown of rock caused by living organisms (e.g. tree roots splitting rocks).

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Law of Superposition

In undisturbed sedimentary layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom.

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arth's Layers :

Crust -> Mantle -> Outer Core -> Inner Core.