La Formación del Estado Nacional Argentino: Organización Política, Soberanía y Territorio Notes | Knowt

What essential function does a State perform within its legally defined territory?

Organizing peaceful social coexistence among inhabitants through a government system based on written laws, with the Constitution Nacional as its supreme legal norm.

How does a Nation differ fundamentally from a State regarding territory?

Territory is not an indispensable element for the existence of a nation, as cultural continuity allows a nation to persist over time without its own geographic space.

Which article of the Constitution Nacional established Argentina's form of government as representative, republican, and federal?

Artículo 1º.

What two semi-direct democratic participation mechanisms were introduced in the 1994 constitutional reform?

Derecho de iniciativa popular (Artículo 39) and Consulta popular (Artículo 40).

What is the fixed composition of the Cámara de Senadores?

It is fixedly composed of three senators representing each of the 24 jurisdictions (the 23 provinces and the Ciudad de Buenos Aires).

When do the compulsory ordinary sessions of the Congreso Nacional take place each year?

Ininterruptedly from March 1º to November 30º of each year.

Which legislative matters fall under the mandatory and exclusive initiative of the Cámara de Diputados?

Projects referring to the recruitment of military troops and the establishment, modification, exemption, or suppression of contributions and taxes.

How are the members of the Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación appointed?

They are nominated by the Presidente de la Nación and require the subsequent approval and agreement of the Senado.

What is the key distinction between a Límite político and a Frontera?

A Límite político is a conventional legal and mathematical line dividing jurisdictions, while a Frontera is an interior territorial strip adjacent to the limit where the local population combines cultural, social, and linguistic traits of both states.

In what year were the Islas Malvinas, Georgias del Sur y Sándwich del Sur illegitimately usurped by the Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña?

In January of the year 1833.

What conditions were established by the Tratado Antártico (signed in 1959 and extended in 1991) regarding territorial claims?

It freezes all territorial sovereignty claims over Antarctica, prohibits military activities and weapon maneuvers, bans mining and economic exploitation, and authorizes only scientific bases until the year 2041.

What continuous historical presence supports Argentina's claim over the Sector Antártico Argentino?

Argentina is the only country in the world that has maintained permanent, uninterrupted, and scientific human presence south of 60º South latitude since 1904 with the Base de las Orcadas del Sur.

Which security force was created in 1938 specifically for border control and custody?

Gendarmería Nacional.

Why was the Virreinato del Río de la Plata created in 1776 with the Ciudad de Buenos Aires as its capital?

To supervise the port, control systematic smuggling, and contain the territorial expansion of Portugal.

What were the two central objectives of the Congreso de Tucumán convened in 1816?

The formal declaration of independence (proclaimed July 9, 1816) and the drafting of a Constitution Nacional to establish a definitive republican or institutional framework for the Provincias Unidas.

What was the core disagreement between Unitarios and Federales during the state-building debates?

Unitarios proposed a centralized government based in the Ciudad de Buenos Aires appointing provincial governors, while Federales demanded a confederation where each province retained its autonomous government elected by local citizens.

On what date were the forces of Juan Manuel de Rosas defeated in the Batalla de Caseros?

February 3, 1852, by the forces of the Ejército Grande commanded by Justo José de Urquiza.

On what date was the Constitution Nacional formally sanctioned in Santa Fe?

May 1º, 1853.

Who became the first president of the unificated and legally organized República Argentina in 1862?

Bartolomé Mitre (1862–1868).

How many strategic cities were founded by Spanish colonizers between 1553 and 1594?

13 cities.

During what period did La Gran Ola de Inmigración Ultramarina occur in Argentina?

Between 1870 and 1930.

What was a primary driver of political exile and brain drain from Argentina during the 1960s and 1970s?

Ideological persecution and violent repression exercised by military dictatorships.

What major centralizing measure regarding military forces was established in 1880?

The definitive prohibition of militias or armed bodies under provincial governors, centralizing the monopoly of weapons in the Presidente de la Nación.

What are facultades concurrentes within the Argentine federal system?

Competencies that can be exercised simultaneously or in a coordinated manner by both the Estado Nacional and the provincial states, such as promoting economic development and constructing road and railway infrastructure.

Which was the last national territory to be constituted as a province, and in what year?

Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, in the year 1991.