exam 2 history of rnr

Philly Soul - genre

founded by Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, who were the in-house songwriters and production team for their Philadelphia International Records company. considered proto-disco

O’Jays

Eddie Levert

Walter Williams

William Powell

“For The Love Of Money” produced and co-wrote by Gamble and Huff in 1973, contained bass reverb and vocal reverb for a different sound

Harold Melvin & The Bluenotes

Teddy Pendergrass - lead vocalist

“The Love I Lost” was written and produced by Gamble and Huff. considered a dance song and proto-disco through the drum patterns and arrangement

MFSB (mother, father, sister, brother)

a pool of over thirty studio musicians based at the Philadelphia famed Sigma Sound Studios

worked closely with Gamble and Huff and Thom Bell, a producer and arranger

“T.S.O.P.” written by Gamble and Huff for Soul Train

Thom Bell

a musician, songwriter, arranger, and producer.

part of Gamble and Huff’s production company and worked on many of their hits

The Spinners

worked with Thom Bell on their song “Games People Play” in 1975

became one of the biggest soul groups of the 70s after leaving MoTown

Discothèque - genre

comes from dance clubs popular with black, brown, and queer people before it exploded. meant to be danced to and played loudly

George McCrae

“Rock Your Baby” became one of the first hits of disco era. utilized a drum machine and was song of the year in 1974.

written by Casey from KC and The Sunshine Band

Donna Summer

“Love to Love You Baby” released in 1975 was originally a single in Europe, but Casablance Records president Neil Boggart requested an extended version for the U.S. (16 minutes). It used 4-on-the-floor kick drum pattern

she was discovered by producer Giorgio Moroder, a pioneer of electronic sequencing

“I Feel Love” released in 1977 and was Hi-NRG genre, a genre applied to high tempo disco music, especially highly electric ones.

Bee Gees

Maurice Gibb, Barry Gibb, and Robin Gibb. brothers who had blood harmony, meaning they sounded good together due to genetics and naturally complementary voices.

influenced the name of the disco film Saturday Night Fever with their song for it, “Night Fever”

Village People

Jacques Morali - producer

“Y.M.C.A.” 1975

Chic

Nile Rodgers - cofounder, known for his guitar style, “chucking” making the guitar more drum-like and percussive. he was a producer, songwriting, arranger, composer, and Grammy winner

Bernard Edwards - cofounder, a famous bass player.

“Good Times” went to #1 in 1979. Rodgers played guitar, vocals, songwrote, and produced. Edwards played bass, songwrote and produced.

Lipps. Inc

“Funky Town” went #1 in 1980 and utilized a vocoder for speech synthesis as an electronic instrument

polyphonic synthesizer

The Prophet-5 synthesizer, 1978-84

can play multiple notes at a time, fully programmable so it memorizes sounds as well.

The Buggles

Trevor Horn - vocals, bass, guitar

Geoff Downs - keyboard

both played with Yes in 1980

“Video Killed The Radio Star” was the first music video ever shown on MTV in 1981. it is a New Wave song with a loud bass drum and synthesized strings

Linn LM-1 Drum Computer

first drum machine to ever use digital samples of acoustic drums. introduced in 1980 and was quite mechanical, no use of cymbals

Human League

“Don’t You Want Me” released in 1981 was the first #1 single to use the Linn LM-1.

New Order

formed by remaining members of Joy Division after the suicide of vocalist Ian Curtis

“Blue Monday” released in 1983 was part of the Hi-NRG genre, similar to disco but more elctronic without instruments.

King Crimson

used the Chapman Stick, an instrument that goes as low as a bass guitar, but the same amount of strings as a guitar. it produces a trippy sound through tapping.

used the Rolan GR-300 guitar synthesizer on their song “Elephant Talk” for an elephant noise in 1981

The Fairlight CMI

the first digital, sampler, polyphonic synthesizer keyboard. introduced in 1979 in Europe

Peter Gabriel

used extensive sampling from the Fairlight CMI

his 4th solo LP, Security, is an early full-digital recording

ABC

“The Look Of Love” released in 1982 was produced by Trevor Horn who was a pioneer of the use of the Fairlight CMI, he wasn’t making music like anyone else.

Art of Noise

Trevor Horn - band-member/producer who was one of the first people to ever buy the Fairlight CMI

“Beat Box” used gated reverb on both the snare and kickdrum, very electronic

Yes

“Owner of A Lonely Heart” off of 90125 was produced by Trevor Horn

Depeche Mode

synthpop/electropop/technopop band, one of the first bands to have an identity completely based around synthesizers.

Thomas Dolby

released “She Blinded Me With Science” in 1982

Kate Bush

in 1978, at 19, she topped UK Charts with her debut single, “Wuthering Heights,” becoming the first female artist to reach #1 in the UK with a self-written song

Hounds Of Love, her fifth album went #3 in the UK in 1985 and had the song “Running Up That Hill” which lacked cymbals and guitar, giving more vocal space.

The Ninth Wave a concept album from the B side of Hounds Of Love was very experimental and other worldly.

Micheal Jackson

“Don’t Stop ‘Til You Get Enough” was produced by Quincy Jones and was apart of the post-disco genre. it had short notes, staccato.

Thriller, the best-selling album of all time, was produced by Quincy Jones. The goal of the album was to integrate white and black radios. “Beat It” features a guitar solo by Eddie Van Halen

MJ was the first person to break the MTV color barrier on shown music videos

Rick James

Punk Funk genre, which he coined.

“Super Freak” was released by MoTown in 1981

Prince

a guitar virtuoso known for his falsetto voice and androgynous persona

On “1999” Prince preforms as the composer, arranger, producer, lead vocalist, bassist, guitarist, drummer, and keyboard player. the song used the Linn LM-1 drum machine and was New Wave

Purple Rain produced “When Doves Cry,” his first #1 which he played all the instruments on

Eurythmics

Annie Lennox

David Stewart

“Sweet Dream” released in 1983, had a keyboard play string-sounding parts

Madonna

the queen of MTV

“Material Girl” off of Like A Virgin was produced by Nile Rodgers of Chic and used the Synclavier, which was similar to the Fairlight CMI

Janet Jackson

“Nasty” released in 1986 was produced by Jimmy Jann and Terry Lewis (had their own made-up genre called New Jack Swing). the song used gated reverb

Frankie Knuckles

a NYC DJ, the Godfather of House Music which originated in a warehouse in Chicago

“Vogue” by Madonna is considered House Music.