botany chapter 11 questions

Factors often not incorporated into restoration plans are mycorrhizae and pollination services. Why do you think these factors are neglected?

Mycorrhizae and pollinator services are often left out of restoration plans because of limited awareness, scarce data, and a plant-centered focus that overlooks above and belowground interactions.

Should mycorrhizae and pollination services be better incorporated into restoration plans? Why or why not?

They should be better incorporated because restoring native mycorrhizal communities can improve restoration success, and pollinators are essential for long-term ecosystem function and biodiversity.

In what ways does climate change impact plant pathogenicity and virulence?

Elevated temp suppresses key plant immune pathways by impairing transcription factors and enhances pathogen virulence. Higher humidity and CO₂ promote pathogen reproduction and spread.

How do herbivores shape plant communities?

Herbivores shape plant communities by altering distribution, reducing biomass, increasing patchiness, accelerating succession, increase richness and diversity.

In what ways do plants defend themselves from herbivory?

Plants defend themselves with thorns, spines, trichomes, thick bark, tough tissues, waxy cuticle, silica, and secondary metabolites- phenolics: tannins: reduce digestibility.