Module 4.3 A + B

pages 475-496

Norms

a society’s understood rules for accepted and expected behavior. prescribe “proper” behavior in individual and social situations.

Conformity

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Normative Social Influence

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Informational Social Influence

influence resulting from a person’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Obedience

complying with an order or a command.

Social Facilitation

in the presence of others, improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks, and worsened performance on difficult tasks.

Social Toafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

Deindividuation

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Group Polarization

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Groupthink

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Tight Cultures

a place with clearly defined and reliably imposed norms.

Loose Cultures

a place with flexible and informal norms.