PAES PART 4

Biogas plant

Plant used to process animal waste or manure to produce biogas and sludge consisting of an inlet/mixing tank digester, gas chamber and outlet/ sludge

Integrated plant

biogas plant where the digester and has chamber form one unit

Split-type plant

digester and gas chamber form seperates unit

Multi-digester plant

Plant with series of digester

fixed type

closed digester with an immovable, rigid gas chamber and a displacement pit

balloon type

plant consisting of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gasholder

Floating type

Plant consisting of digester and a moving floating gasholder that either float directly in the fermenting slurry or in a separate water jacket

Collecting tank or holding tank

Chamber where water are collected, stored and separated from heavy and non biodegradable materials before feeding them into digester

Inlet pipe

serves as conveyor of the manure-water mixture or slurry from mixing tank to the digester

Baffle board

division in the digester that prevent the slurry from premature exit into the sludge/outlet tank

Digester, biodigester, bio reactor, anaerobic reactor

anybwatee and or tight container designed for the process of anaerobic microbiological degrdation of organic matter into which the slurry is introduced for digestion and methanization

Stirrer aka mixer, agitator

Mechanical device inside the digester used to stir the slurry

Gas chamber

space inside or outside the digester for the collection and storage of biogas

gasholder retainer

cantilever beam that holds the gasholder/micanle cover in position at the desired biogas pressure

outlet pipe

serves as conveyor where the effluent or the slurry is forced out

Filling line

Level of slurry when the digester is at full load

freebiard

difference in height between the digester wall and the filling line

Loading rate

amount of slurry fed per unit volume of digester capacity per day

gas production rate

amount of biogas produced per day per cubic meter of slurry

substrate

organic material used to produce biogas

slurry

mixture of manure and water

Scum

layer of floating material mainly fibrous on the slurry

Sludge

settled portion or precipitate of the slurry a mud like semi sold mass

effluent

residue that comes out at the oulet after the substrate is digested/processed inside the digester

influent

Liquid that flows into a containing space

seeding

adding or introducing anaerobic bacteria to the digestet

methanogens

anaerobic bacteria that act upon organic material s and in the process, produce biogas

Methanization

various processes that takes place among the methanogens, non methanogens and substrate fed into the digester as inputs

retention time

average period that a given quantity of slurry is retained in the digester for digestion

20-40 degree

Temperature range of________where mesophilic bacteria operates

50 to 70 percent methane and 30-40 percent carbon dioxide

mixture of gas produce by methanigenic bacteria

Toxic material

material s that inhibit the normal growth of pathogens in the digester such as mineral ions heavy metals and detergents

7-8.5

Normal ph value for biogas

Hydrolysis

First stage in digestion process. The waste materials of plants and animals origins which consist mainly of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and inorganic materials are solubilized into simpler ones with the help of extracellular enzymes released by the bacteria

Acidification

Second stage of digestion process. The monomer such as glucose, which produce d in stage 1 is fermented under anaerobic conditions into various acids with the help of enzymes produced by the acid forming bacteria

Methanization

Stage 3 of digestion process. The principal acids produce in stage 2 are processed by methanogenic bacteria to produce methane.

Agricultural liquid waste

Consist of of liquid waste and slurry resulting from the production of livestock and poultry and processing of crops, livestock and poultry

Clean runoff

Runoff not contaminated with manure such as runoff from roofs, grasses area, drives and other areas which are not animal alleys

Lot runoff

rainfall containing animal manure

Primary treatment

treatment that causes substance s in liquid waste to readily settle or float

Secondary treatment

treatment used to convert dissolved or suspended materials into a form more readily separated from the liquid bwaste being treated

Aerobic

requires free oxygen

Anaerobic

Presence of free oxygen is not required

Holding pond

Storage where liquid waste is stored before final disposal

Manure

Accumulated moist animal excrement that does not undergo decomposition orvdtying it includes feces and urine with may be mixed with bedding material, spilled feed or soil

Pathogenic microorganisms

Microorganisms capable of causing diseases

disinfection

Process of killing all pathogenic microorganisms

lagoon

Pit in the ground where liquid waste is stored to produce a higher quality effluent

Facultative lagoons

Laggoons that can function as aerobic or anaerobic depending on the environment

Liners

system of clay layersbor geosynthetic membrane used to contain leachate and reduce or prevent contaminant flow to groundwater

5 day Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5)

quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation organic matter in waste sample in 5days at 20

Grit

Non biodegradable component of liquid waste composed of sand, gravel, cinders or other heavy solid materials

Suspended solids

solids removed by filtration

Total solids

residue remaining aftervwater is removed from waste material by evaporation

Dissolved bsolids

part of total solids passing through the filter in a filtration procedure

volatile solidsn

part of total solids driven off as volatile gasses when heated to 600C

Agricultural would waste

resulting from the production and processing of crops and animals or agricultural products including manures with at least 20℅ solids, pruning and crop residue wherever produce

Bulking agent

any item used to improve the compost structure and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement

curing

process where fungi digest the carbons not degraded during composting and further stabilize the nutrients

Composting amendment

any item added to the compost mixture that alters the moisture content, C:N ratio or pH

Disposal site

site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited

Hazardous waste

solid waste or combination of solid waste which because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may; cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness

Leachate

shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition

storage

interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal

windrow composting

involves the arrangement of compost mix in long narrow piles or windros that are periodically turned to maintain aerobic conditions

structures

bridges, culvert, walls buildings, foundation, water tanks, transmission towers, cribbing, caisson or coffee dam, other similar features which may be encountered in the work and are classified as structure

subbase layer

layer of the specified or selected materials treated or untreated of designated thickness in a pavement structure immediately above the subgrade and below the pavement

subgrade

top surface of the roadbed upon which the pavement structure is placed

suitable materials

material which is acceptable in accordance with the pavement structure is placed

superelevation

cross slope of the pavement at a horizontal curve, provided to partially counterbalance the centrifugal force on a vehicle going around that curve

traffic

vehicular and non vehicular movement along a route such as pedestrian, vehicle, animals etc

Two lane concrete pavement road

concrete pavement roadway, on which two lanes are marked for vehicular traffic

Turnout

a widened, unobstructed shoulder area that may be used for emergency purpose or allow slow moving vehicles to pull out of the carriageway to give passing opportunity to following or incoming vehicles

unsuitable material

materials not appropriate and safe for backfill and borrow which include garbage

weep hole

an opening provided during construction in retaining walls aprons canal linings foundation etc to permit drainage of water collecting behind and beneath such structure to reduce hydrostatic head

bridge

structure including support, erected over a depression or an obstruction

crushed gravel

product resulting from the mechanical crushing oh gravel with substantially all fragments having at least one face resulting from fracture

one lane earth road

earth roadway, which one way is a clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

one lane gravel road

gravel roadway, which one way is a clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

one lane asphalt pavement road

asphalt pavement roadway which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

roadway embankment

raised structure soil, soil aggregate, sand or rock

subgrade (earth road)

roadbed upon which pavement structure is placed

subgrade (gravel road)

upper portion of material which act as foundation subbase course

subgrade (bituminous, concrete road)

top surface of the roadbed upon which the pavement is placed

two lane earth road

earth roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffics

two lane gravel road

gravel roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffics

two lane asphalt pavement road

asphalt pavement roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffics

Boar

male breading swine (8 months or older)

Creep area

place for piglets

Culling rate

rate of removing undesirable and unproductive animals

Dry sows

unbred sows, which have just been weaned

Farrowing

act of giving birth in swine

Farrowing pen

confining during furrowing

Farrowing stall (farrowing crate)

device, sow is confined during farrowing and lactation to prevent from turning around

Fattener