terms for health assessment

crepitus/clicking/snapping

hearing sounds such as cracking, popping, grating during joint movement

contracture

a condition in which muscles or tendons shorten, leading to decreased joint mobility.

contract = shorten/ shrink

ankylosis

a condition characterized by stiffness or fusion of a joint, resulting in limited movement.

subluxation

a partial dislocation of a joint, where the surfaces are still in contact but not aligned properly.

metatarsus adductus

a foot deformity in which the front part of the foot is turned inward towards the body, often seen in infants.

club foot

foot down and inward

polydactyly

extra digits

syndactyly:

fused digits

suffix: -osis

condition or state

suffix: dactyly

the arrangement, number, or condition of digits

newborn has what kind of spine

C-shaped curve

3-4 month infant or when they start lifting their head and bing lifting their head what kind of shaped spine should they have

inward shaped spine

extensor plantar (babinski)

toes fan out

ortolani maneuver test:

IN = developmental dysplasia of the hip

barlow’s maneuver test

OUT = ADDUCTION to see if the hip bone is unstable

dysplasia

the presence of abnormal or abnormal structural development within a tissue or organ

allis test

OUT = compares knee height with flat feet to identify asymmetry SIGN OF HIP DYSPLASIA

MUSCLE TESTING:

COMPARE BOTH ARMS SIMULTANEOUSLY

MUSCLE TESTING: 0

zero movement or contraction

MUSCLE TESTING: 1

muscle can contract (flex) no joint movement

MUSCLE TESTING: 2

full movement with gravity eliminated

Clinical Example: A patient lying flat in bed cannot lift their leg straight up off the mattress, but when you support their leg or let it rest on the bed, they can slide their heel sideways toward the bed rail.

MUSCLE TESTING: 3

full movement against gravity; no resistance

MUSCLE TESTING: 4

movement against gravity and some resistance

MUSCLE TESTING: 5 NORMAL

normal strength against full resistance

arthritis:

cause inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness in one or more joints

flaccidity

being soft, limp, or lacking normal muscle tone (hypotonia) and firmness

spasticity

stiffen, tighten, or contract involuntarily because of damage to the central nervous system (think stroke)

tics

brief repetitive movements

tremor

rhythmic shaking

fasciculations

small muscle twitches

myoclonus

sudden brief jerks

chorea

irregular flowing movements

GSC - Eye Opening (1)

1 = No response.

GSC - Eye Opening (2)

To pain: opens eyes only when stimulated (like a gentle pinch)

GSC - Eye Opening (3)

To speech: opens eyes when spoken to.

GSC - Eye Opening (4)

Spontaneous: opens eyes on their own.

Motor Response (M) IS ?

shows how the person moves in response to commands or pain.

Eye Opening IS ?

shows how easily the person opens their eyes

Motor response (1)

 No response.

Motor response (2)

Abnormal extension (decerebrate).

Motor response (3)

Abnormal flexion (decorticate)

Motor response (4)

Flexion withdrawal: pulls away from painful stimulus

Motor response (5)

Localizes pain: tries to move away from the pain

Motor response (6)

obeys verbal command: can move or follow directions

Verbal Response IS ?

assesses how the person speaks or communicates

Verbal Response (1)

Verbal Response (2)

Verbal Response (3)

inappropriate words: random or irrelevant words

Verbal Response (4)

confused conversation: talks but is disoriented

Verbal Response (5)

oriented and appropriate: knows name, date and place

Muscle Strength test Grade 0

no visible or palpable contraction

Muscle Strength test Grade 1

contraction present, no joint movement

Muscle Strength test Grade 2

full movement no gravity involved

Muscle Strength test Grade 3

full movement against gravity, no added resistance

Muscle Strength test Grade 4

movement against gravity with some resistance

Muscle Strength test Grade 5

normal with FULL resistance