nutrition chapter 6

Obesity, certain cancers, and cardiovascular disease are all serious health conditions that often result from consuming high amounts of

lipids

The classes of lipids include

triglycerides

sterols

phospholipids

Maintaining cell membranes, insulating the body against cold temperatures, cushioning the body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are all traits of which nutrient?

lipids

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with ______ atoms.

hydrogen

The major adverse health conditions associated with consuming high amounts of fat are _____.

certain cancers

obesity

stroke

heart disease

An omega-3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

Which of the following substances are types of lipids?

triglycerides

cholesterol

The Adequate Intake of alpha-linolenic acid for men and women (ages 19-50 years old) is ______.

1.6 g/day and 1.1 g/day, respectively

What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

to provide energy

to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

to insulate and protect the body

A triglyceride has ______.

three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

_ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds.

saturated

True or false: The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

true

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

Choose the type of fat that is partially water soluble.

phospholipids

is found only in foods that contain animal products.

cholesterol

Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids?

trans

Choose the statements that are true regarding plant food sterols and stanols.

Plants contain sterols similar to cholesterol.

Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties.

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Which statement is true?

Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

Digesting carbohydrates is a more complicated process than digesting lipids.

Digesting lipids is a more complicated process than digesting carbohydrates.

Phospholipids contain a _____________ portion, which attracts water, and a _______________portion, which repels water.

1. hydrophilic 2. Hydrophobic

CCK signals the pancreas to secrete ______ lipase into the duodenum of the small intestine.

pancreatic

Choose the food that does not contain cholesterol.

bagels

Cholesterol lowering margarines contain plant __________, which may lower cholesterol in people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

sterols

What are the by-products of lipid digestion?

Glycerol

Fatty acids

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipoprotein lipase

Digesting is a more complicated process than digesting , because the majority of this type of nutrient in foods are not water soluble and the digestive process involves considerable amounts of water.

1. lipids 2. carbohydrates

Hard particles that accumulate in the gallbladder or become lodged in one of the ducts carrying bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine are called

gallstones

The digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule is called ______.

pancreatic lipase

What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

eggs

chicken

ice cream

Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid fragments are the end products of ____ digestion

lipid

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

lipoprotein lipase

Genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells, which damages tissues are called

lipid storage diseases

Most gallstones are made of

cholesterol

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range - AMDR) recommends that adults should keep daily fat intake

between 20 and 35% of total calories

is a digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule

pancreatic lipase

Cardiovascular disease

includes coronary artery disease, stroke, and disease of the blood vessels

is a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels

______ is a symptom or by-product of ______.

Arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

Which gender is more prone to heart attacks?

men

Which of the following tests should a doctor perform to determine a person's risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Check blood pressure

Test triglyceride levels

Request lipoprotein profile

Choose the following dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development.

limit trans fat intake

replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats

reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories

One in three adult Americans suffer from some form of __________ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

cardiovascular

atherosclerosis

long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside the arterial walls

arteriosclerosis

a loss of arterial flexibility or "hardening of the arteries"

A ______ risk of developing CVD is less than that of a ______ of the same age.

woman's; man

To check a person's risk for , a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels.

CVD

omega-3

decrease blood clotting and inflammation

increase blood clotting and inflammation

omega-6

Reducing the consumption of saturated fat and maintaining a total dietary intake of fat no greater than 35% of total calories will most likely cause a person's risk of developing atherosclerosis to ______.

DECREASE

In a healthy person, the liver synthesizes ____ cholesterol when dietary cholesterol intake is higher.

less

What are some things you can do to reduce fat intake?

Trim fat

Steam meats

Choose lean meats

Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

alcohol

refined carbohydrates

Scientific evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol does not have as much effect on blood cholesterol as dietary

saturated fat

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake?

steaming

The direct benefits of physical activity include ______.

reducing blood LDL cholesterol level

maintaining a healthy body weight

achieving healthy body weight

Eating foods that are rich sources of _____ can reduce LDL cholesterol levels.

dietary fiber

are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

statins

Reducing the consumption of saturated fat and maintaining a total dietary intake of fat no greater than 35% of total calories will most likely cause a person's risk of developing atherosclerosis to ______.

decrease

Excess body fat around the midsection of the body is associated with ______.

high blood LDL cholesterol

high triglyceride levels

Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

refined carbohydrates

alcohol

Engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity at least , _________minutes a week and balancing energy intake with energy expenditure helps people achieve and maintain healthy body weights..

150

Which of the following dietary changes can help reduce the risk of developing CVD?

reducing intake of refined sugar

reducing alcohol intake

increasing dietary fiber