Operating Room Environment

The room temperature in an OR should be:

Between 68 and 76

The most effective projection from the radiation of x-rays is a:

Lead apron

It is considered good technique to:

Handle the mask only by strings

Electrical cords should be:

Removed from pathways so equipment is not rolled over them

Scatter radiation effects are diretly related to:

A break in the lead apron

Room temperature for infants and children should be maintained as warm as:

85F

Areas needing cleaning attention on a weekly basis include:

Air vents and heating ducts, mounted lighting racks, ceilings, walls

A glass suction bottle should ideally be:

Cleaned with a disinfectant solution and autoclaved before reuse

Storage shelves must be cleaned with a germicide:

Each week

While a surgical case is in progress:

Doors should remain closed

When cleaning the floor between cases for routine decontamination, the procedure is:

To use a disinfectant and wet vacuum

If a sterile item falls to the floor:

It may be used immediately only if the wrapper has no implosion holes and the floor is clean and dry

The following comply with the protocol for protective eyewear EXCEPT:

Prescribe eyeglasses

Which statement regarding OR attire is true?

Head caps and hoods must be worn to reduce contamination from hair and danger onto field; long sleeve, nonsterile cover jackets are worn by nonsterile personnel to prevent contamination by bacterial shedding of their arms; the scrub suit is worn by both sterile and non sterile personnel

All of the following statements are true in preparing nonsterile equipment EXCEPT:

Arrange the room according to how the ST likes it

All are recommendations for opening a case EXCEPT:

Open the scrub gown on the back table

Excessive exposure to radiation can affect the:

Reproductive organs

Radiation exposure of the staff is monitored with:

Film badges

During a craniotomy procedure, a specialty instruments falls to the floor. The physician wants the instrument sterilized immediately (IUSS). Why is this not considered an acceptable practice?

The manufacturer guidelines are not the same for all instruments

An OR hazard that has been linked to increased risk of spontaneous abortion in female OR employees is exposure to:

Waste anesthetic gases

While using this mixture, a scavenging system is used to collect and exhaust or absorb its vapors. The mixture is called:

Methyl Methacrylate

How is inhalation of the laser plume best prevented?

Mechanical smoke evacuator on field

A Cavitron unit is used for:

Ultrasonic ablation and aspiration in tumor surgery

The power source for Hall’s power equipment is :

Nitrogen

The power source for air-powered dermatomes is:

Compressed nitrogen & air

Suction tubing should be processed in the following way:

Residual of distilled water in lumen, steam sterilize, tubing coiled

The suction tip that is right angled and is used for small amounts of fluid such as in brain surgery is:

Ferguson-Frazier

Which suction tip has an angle and is used in the mouth or throat?

Yankauer

A tourniquet is used in the OR to:

Minimize blood loss during the surgical procedure; procedure a bloodless field and better visualization of the surgical site

Exsanguination of a limb before tourniquet inflation is accomplished with wrapping the elevated extremity with:

Esmarch

The amount of pressure used to inflate a tourniquet depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

Depth of surgical incision

A regional block that used the tourniquet is a/an:

Bier block

The tourniquet is contraindicated if:

Patient’s circulation to distal part of extremity is poor

At what point should the surgeon be informed of the time of tourniquet application?

After 1 hour, then every 15 minutes

When would the use of Esmarch be contraindicated?

Patient has had recent injury or recent cast

Which agent or power source is NOT used with the pulse lavage irrigator

Oxygen

A precaution necessary when using a pneumatic tourniquet is:

Solutions must be prevented from pooling under tourniquet

In which procedure would a tourniquet be contraindicated?

Gangrenous toe amputation

All of the following statements regarding a grounding plate for electrosurgery are true EXCEPT:

The plate must be placed directly over a bony prominence

A grounding pad is not required for the electrocautery in:

A bipolar unit

The inactive electrode of the cautery is the:

Grounding pad

The electrical circuit of the electrocautery is complete when:

Current flows from the generator to active electrode, through tissue, and back to generator via the inactive electrode

Why must the electrocautery tip be kept clean?

To ensure electrical contract effectiveness

In electrosurgery, “buzzing” refers to;

Coagulation of vessel via a metal instrument touching the active electrode

Which electrosurgical unit provides precise control of the coagulated area?

Bipolar

Which condition is MOST acceptable when using electrocautery?

Ground pad placed close to operative site

When using the phacoemulsifier:

The machine uses cavitation; aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the anterior chamber

A cautery would not be used:

In neck or nasopharynx surgery if nitrous oxide is used

Why are only moist sponges utilized during electrocautery use?

To prevent fire

Fulguration via the resectoscope is accomplished by the use of a/an ______ tip.

Electrode

Fiberoptic lighting is:

A cool light

All are precautions when handling fiberoptic cables EXCEPT:

Light cables should be dropped or swing free when carried

Fiberoptic table integrity is questionable when:

dark spots are evident

When using a fiberoptic cable, how are burns and fires prevented?

The cable is kept away from drapes when disconnected from endoscope; Personnel should not lean on a cable end that is disconnected but is still on; The cable end is kept on a moist towel when disconnected

Loupes are used for:

Magnification

Resolving power of an operating microscope means:

The ability to discern detail

Which item in the optical lens system is responsible for magnification?

Oculars & Objective lens

The range of focal lengths of the objective lenses in the operating microscope is:

100-400mm

A continuously variable magnification system is afforded to the eye surgeon by the:

Zoom lens with foot control

The purpose of the “slit” lamp in eye surgery is:

Defining depth perception

The operating microscope that visually employs fiberoptics for its light source is:

Coaxial illuminators

Care of the microscope would include all of the following EXCEPT:

Damp dust lenses with detergent disinfection before use

The purpose of the beam splitter in an operating room microscope is:

Co-incide the assistant’s field of view with the surgeon’s

The colpomicroscope affords a view of the:

cervix

The procedure that uses a self-retaining laryngoscope and microscope is called a/an:

Suspension microlaryngoscopy

The binocular microscope provides stereoscopic vision. This refers to:

The view afforded by double eyepieces

Which magnifying powers are available for the microscope eyepieces:

10x, 12.5x, 16x, and 20x

Which procedure is inappropriate when caring for optic lenses?

Oil or fingerprints are removed by soaking in solvent for 10 minutes and drying with a cotton ball

The OR bed may have a metal crossbar between the two upper sections, which may be raised to elevate the:

Kidney and gallbladder

The smallest diameter on a French scale is a:

9

Which of the following is a motorized device whose action prevents venous stasis and reduces risk of deep vein clotting in high risk patients?

Sequential pneumatic compression boots

A blood flow detector is a:

Doppler

All apply to cryotherapy EXCEPT:

it uses liquid nitrogen, Freon, or CO2; The insulated probe uses extreme cold to destroy diseased tissue

The mobile suction unit is called:

Neptune

What is the all-in-one instrument used to cauterize, irrigate, and suction simultaneously?

Coblator

What color is the gas outlet used for oxygen?

Green

All pertain to laminar air flow EXCEPT:

Maintains negative pressure

HEPA filters remove bacterial particles that are:

larger than 0.3mm; 0.3-0.5 mm

HEPA filters exchange the air in the OR how many times per hour?

Btwn 20 and 25

All are facts regarding OR tables EXCEPT:

there is no weight limit

Neurosurgery attachments include EXCEPT:

Alvarado

Special OR tables used for spine surgery include all EXCEPT:

Fracture table

When is the standing stool positioned

Before the opening of the sterile field to avoid contamination

Chest rolls are used to:

Assist with respirations

Which of the following apply to electrical accidents and/or their prevention?

the most common injury to the STSR is the ESU; All electrical equipment must be grounded; always turn the electrical equipment on/off before unplugging from teh power plug

Staff who must remain in the OR when using ionizing radiation should maintain a distance of how many feet from the radiation beam?

At least 6 ft

The device used to measure cumulative radiation exposure is called a:

Dosimeter

A fire requires three main components. Which is NOT considered a component?

temperature

Proper body ergonomics include all EXCEPT:

Do not bend all the knees when lifting a heavy object