The gilded age

The knights of labor

1869, open to all workers, peaceful, preferred not to use strikes

The American Federation of Labor (AFL)

1886, only skilled workers, supported strikes and boycotts

Bread and Butter Issues:

shorter hours, higher wages, better working conditions

Labor Union tactics:

Collective bargaining- workers negotiate as a group, strikes, boycotts

Anti-labor union tactics

Yellow dog contract (promise not to join unions/ do strikes), black list, SCABS

IWW

“Wobblies”, industrial workers of the world. Unskilled workers, socialists who supported violence and strikes

strike of 1877 (great RR strike)

First major strike, RBH sends in federal troops, employers turned to gov for help. RR workers had paycuts, destruction, death, didnt get demands

How many strikes in happend during the Gilded age?

24,000

The pullman Strike

American Railway Union v Eugene debs, Pullman car palace, rent, mail, federal injunction. Was due to wage reductions, riots, mobs.

The Haymarket Square Massacre

chicago 1886, anarchists convicted in bombing. wanted 8 hour work days, bombed town, protests, police shooting, fights, scabs

Homestead Strike

1892, Carnegie v frick, tensins, barges of pinkerton guards, beckerman assassin, library at homestead. Wanted higher wages, murder, strikers blacklisted.

Push v Pull factors

Push- reasons why immigrants would want to leave their home country

Pull- what attracts immigrants to the US

Old Immigrants

desirables, from N and W, some education, (push- Irish+ potato famine, German+ religous and political persecution)

Golden Door

New York, castle garden, ellis island

New Immigrants

Undesirables, from S and E. escape overty and oppression (Italy, Russia)

Luring Immigrants

American letters, Labor contracts( employer pays passage and deducts later)

Immigrant Ghettos

Neighborhoods to ease pain of seperation

Assimilation

The americanization of immigrants caused by resentment.

Immigration Restriction League

Founded 1887 by 5 harvard Alumni, proposed literacy tests to screen immigrants

Pacific coast

Chinese and Japanese, Angel island California, gold, railroads

Anti chinese

Chinese exclusion act 1882, lasted until 1943

What did the immigrants represent in the gilded age

scapegoats

Philanthropist

A person who gives large donations to worthy causes

Captain of Industry

Positive, helpful, ^ productivity, create jobs, expand market, perfect technology, and lower price of goods, work hard, deserve money, Philanthropy- museums, libraries, universities. EX- Rockefeller gave away dimes, millions of dollars, made university.

EX- Carnegie gave away money and made lots of libraries.

Robber Baron

bad term, build fortune by stealing from public, takes advantage of workers, drain natural resources, pollute enviorment, dangerous and unhealthy work conditions, cut corners on quality, creates monopolies.

EX- Carnegie- homestead, higher hours lower wagesl forced other companies to shut down

Gospel of Wealth

Promoted by Carnegie, Make all the money you can and then give it all away

The prince of Steele

carnegie- a man who dies rich, dies disgraced

Social Darwinism

Philosophy used to justify ruthless business actions, society and gov shouldnt interfer with pursuit of success, wealthy= most valuable group of society.

Laissez faire

Hands off gov

Carnegie Steele

Pittsburg 1899, buy companies that perform all phases of steele production, used vertical consalidation- mine>market

Who coined the term Gilded Age

Mark Twain

Ellis Island

opend 1892, named after Samuel Ellis, new york v New Jersey

The Great Hall

12 million immigrants came through, 2% denied, immigrants traveld in steerage.

anxious Arivals

Immigrants expected to have some money and asked 29 questions, but they got free food

Medical Inspections,

trachoma, eye disease, most deported, stairs of seperation, 6 sec medical exam, chalk letters, babies born.

Radicals deported

Ellis island eventually turned to a deportation centerl island of tears and heartbreak

Melting pot vs Salad Bowl

Know nothing party ( WASP) opposing immigrants, IRL used literacy tests and banned all asians.

Ellis island Purgatory

Hell- back to east Heaven- the US