PCB 3703L Lab 6

Biceps Brachii

Flexes & supinates forearm

Brachialis

Deep to biceps; flexes forearm

Brachioradialis

Lateral forearm; synergist to forearm flexion

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extend and abduct wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extend and abduct wrist

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Wrist flexion & abduction

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Wrist extension & adduction

Palmaris Longus

Weak wrist flexor

Pronator Teres

Pronates forearm

Supinator

Supinates forearm

Triceps Brachii

Only posterior upper arm muscle; powerful extensor

Achilles Tendon

Thickest/strongest tendon; enables plantar flexion

Adductor Brevis

Abducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

Adductor Longus

Medial thigh; adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

Adductor Magnus

Medial thigh; adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

Biceps Femoris

Lateral hamstring; extends thigh, flexes leg

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Dorsiflexion

Gracilis

Long, thin medial muscle; adducts, slides, & medially rotates leg

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle; plantar flexion, flexes knee when foot is dorsiflexed

Gluteus Maximus

Prominent butt muscle; thigh extension

Gluteus Medius

Abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

Gluteus Minimus

Deep to maximus; agonist; abduction & medial rotation of thigh

Peroneus Brevis

Eversion & plantar flexion

Peroneus Longus

Eversion & plantar flexion

Rectus Femoris

Anterior side; extends leg

Sartorius

Crosses thigh; abducts, laterally rotates, flexes thigh

Semimembranosus

Medial hamstring; flexes leg at knee

Semitendinosus

Middle hamstring; flexes leg at knee

Soleus

Deep to gastrocnemius; plantar flexion

Tensor Fascia Latae

Flexes and abducts thigh

Tibialis Anterior

Anterior, lateral; inverts foot, dorsiflexion

Tibialis Posterior

Inverts & plantar flexes foot

Vastus Lateralis

Lateral quad; extends knee

Vastus Medialis

Medial quad; extends knee

Vastus Intermedius

Deep quad; extends knee

Hamstrings (3)

Biceps femoris + Semimembranosus + semitendinosus

Quadriceps (4)

Rectus femoris + vastus lateralis + vastus medialis + vastus intermedius

Articulations

Points of contact between 2 bones or between bone and teeth

Joint Functions

Bind bone together; participate in linear bone growth and Allow movement of skeleton in response to skeletal muscle

Fibrous Joints

2 types: Sutures (ONLY in skull) & Syndesmosis (band of dense regular connective tissue)

Cartilaginous Joints

little to no movement; Synchondroses (synarthrosis, held by hyaline cartilage) & Symphysis (amphiarthrosis, held by broad flat fibrocartilage disc)

Synovial Joints

Diarthrosis; have synovial cavity that lubricates, absorbs shock, supplies nutrients, and removes CO2 and waste

Synarthrosis

immoveable

Amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable

Diarthrosis

freely moveable

Nonaxial Joints

Allows slipping or gliding motion (e.g., intercarpal joint)

Uniaxial Joints

Movement around 1 axis (e.g., elbow or atlantoaxial joint)

Biaxial Joints

Movement around 2 axes (e.g., thumb or metacarpophalangeal joint)

Multiaxial Joints

Movement around all 3 axes (e.g., shoulder or hip)

Plane / Gliding Joints

Nonaxial; articular surfaces slide over each other (e.g., intertarsal & sacroiliac joints)

Hinge Joints

Uniaxial; 1 concave surface articulates with 1 convex surface (i.e., temporomandibular joint, tibiofemoral / patellofemoral joint, humeroulnar / humeroradial joint)

Pivot Joints

Uniaxial; rounded conical articular surface articulates with shallow depression (i.e., atlantoaxial)

Condylar / Ellipsoid Joints

Biaxial; oval shaped condyle articulates with cavity (i.e., knuckles, atlanto-occipital joint)

Saddle Joint

Biaxial; 2 articulating saddle shaped surfaces (e.g., thumb, trapezium of wrist)

Ball & Socket Joint

Multiaxial; ball shaped head articulates with cavity or depression (i.e., glenohumeral, acetabulofemoral / coxal)

Flexion

Decreases angle between bones

Extension

Increases angle between bones

Hyperextension

Extension beyond anatomical position

Abduction

Away from midline

Adduction

Towards midline

Circumduction

Circular movement of distal end of body part

Rotation

Turning bone around longitudinal axis

Supination

Palm up

Pronation

Palm down

Dorsiflexion

Lifting toes toward head; flexing them

Plantar flexion

pointing toes

Inversion

moving sole of foot medially

Eversion

moving sole of foot laterally

Protraction

Anterior movement

Retraction

posterior movement

Elevation

superior movement

Depression

inferior movement