Unit 2A Urban Issues and Challenges - Urbanisation & Lagos Case Study

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts of global urbanisation trends, push and pull factors, megacities, and the Lagos case study including social/economic opportunities, challenges, and urban planning schemes.

Urbanisation

The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Higher Income Countries (HICs)

Economically developed countries, such as the UK and Japan, where around 80% of the population live in urban areas and the rate of urbanisation is under 1%.

Lower Income Countries (LICs)

Less economically developed countries, such as Ethiopia and Afghanistan, where around 30% of the population live in urban areas, but urbanisation rates reach up to 6%.

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)

Countries where economic development is increasing rapidly, such as Brazil and China, with an urban population around 50% and a typical urbanisation rate of around 2%.

Rate of urbanisation

The change in size of urban populations over time.

Rural-urban migration

The movement of people from the countryside to cities.

Push factors

Factors that encourage people to leave an area, such as natural disasters, mechanised agricultural equipment reducing job availability, and desertification.

Pull factors

Factors that encourage people to move to an area, such as better paid jobs, access to healthcare and education, and a perceived better quality of life.

Natural increase

The growth in population that occurs when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.

Megacity

An urban area with more than 10 million residents, such as Mumbai, India.

Lagos

A city in Nigeria with an estimated population of over 14 million, an annual growth rate of 3.2%, and the main financial centre for West Africa.

Eko Atlantic

A new commercial centre being constructed in Lagos that provides many construction jobs.

Nollywood

The thriving film and music industry based in Lagos, Nigeria.

Area boys

Gangs that patrol many slums in Lagos, such as Makoko, committing crimes and policing the slums themselves.

Olusosun

A large rubbish dump in Lagos that contains toxic waste.

'Go slow'

The severe traffic congestion in Lagos where workers face 2-hour commutes during rush hours.

Makoko Floating School

A prototype school built in 2013 by NLÉ Works using 250 floating barrels to provide free education, solar power, and rainwater collection to children in the Makoko slum.

Makoko / Iwaya Regeneration Plan

A government plan launched following the success of the floating school aimed at developing the Makoko slum further by building homes and a biogas plant to produce cooking gas.

Global urban population proportion

Around 55% of the world's total population currently resides in urban areas.

Lagos population density

An average density of approximately 20,000 people per km2.

Lagos slum population proportion

Approximately 66% of people in Lagos live in illegal squatter settlements

Lagos informal sector employment

About 60% of the population works in informal jobs without legal protection.

Daily migration rate to Lagos

An estimated 1,200 immigrants enter the city each day from rural regions or neighbouring countries.

Lagos industrial share in Nigeria

Lagos is home to 80% of Nigeria's industry, despite no longer being the national capital.

Lagos electricity consumption

The city consumes roughly 40% of Nigeria's total electricity supply, though grid coverage remains inconsistent.