Chapter 7 Lipids Fats & Oils

Chylomicron

A cluster of triglycerides that are thinly coated with cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins.

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, saturated fats should make up less than __________ percent of total daily calories.

10 percent

Fatty acids that have at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in each molecule.

Unsaturated fatty acid

A compound consisting of fats and proteins that helps transport fats in the body

Lipoprotein

Fatty acids that have two or more double bonds in their chemical structure

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Polyunsaturated fatty acids that have the first double bond of their structure located between the third and fourth carbon atoms.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Fatty acids that have no double bonds in their chemical structure.

Saturated fatty acid

___________ lipoproteins carry triglycerides and cholesterol made by the liver through the bloodstream to body cells.

Very low-density

Adipose tissue

Where the body stores a large share of excess energy.

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Fatty acids that have only one double bond between carbon atoms.

Cholesterol

A white, waxy substance found in every cell in the body.

Sterols

Lipids that have molecular configuration that features complex ring structures.

The American Institute for Cancer Research estimates that about _______ of common cancers could be prevented with diet, activity and weight management.

one-third

Essential fatty acid

Polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained from food.

Emulsifier

A substance that can mix with both water and fat.

Lipid

A group of compounds that are organized into three main classes including triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols.

Changing lifestyle behaviors to control heart-health risk factors could reduce the cardiovascular disease risk for up to ____ percent of the population.

95%

Triglycerides

The major type of fat found in foods and in the body.

Hydrogenation

The process of breaking the double carbon bonds in an unsaturated fatty acid and adding hydrogen.

Phospholipids

Lipids that have a phosphorus-containing compound in their chemical structure.

Trans fatty acid

Fatty acids that are the result of converting liquid oils into solid fats.

Fats found in meat and dairy products tend to be high in ________ fatty acids.

saturated

What is an uncontrollable heart-health risk factor?

Family history

Lecithin

A phospholipid that is made by the liver.

The American Heart Association recommends eating fish ____ times a week in order to improve the fat content in the diet.

two

When abnormal cells grow out of control in the body it is called ________________, which is the second largest cause of death in the U.S.

cancer

A food oil in which the fatty acid molecules have combined with oxygen, resulting in an unpleasant taste and smell, is referred to as ____________.

rancid

The number of double bonds and hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chain determine the degree of ___________.

saturation

Much of the body's ________ is just under the skin, serving as an internal blanket that holds in body heat and stores fat.

adipose tissue

A diet high in plant foods can help lower blood __________.

cholesterol

The emulsifying effect of _______ improves absorption of fat by the small intestine.

bile

Large amounts of fish oil supplements in the diet lessen the risks of health problems.

False

Fat cells can store only limited amounts of triglycerides.

False

A buildup of plaque in the arteries leading to the brain may result in a stroke.

True

Essential fatty acid deficiencies are rare because most people include enough fats and oils in their diets.

True

Certain fatty fish, such as mackerel and salmon, are good sources of saturated fatty acids.

False

A person's diet must include cholesterol because the body needs it to function.

False

Smokers have a two to four times more risk of dying from a heart attack than nonsmokers.

True

Reading the Nutrition facts panel on a product label can help consumers determine the amount of saturated fat in food.

True

When plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, it causes a condition known as diabetes mellitus.

False

Lipids that are high in saturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature.

False

Five functions of lipids:

provide energy, store energy, insulate and protect organs, transport fat-soluble substances, and provide pleasing flavor and texture

What are the seven controllable heart-health risk factors?

smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, excess weight, physical inactivity and stress

Why is it important to replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats?

Replacing saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats can decrease the risk for heart disease.