Components of the Microbiome and Bacterial Structure

Vocabulary flashcards covering bacterial cell structures and components of the human microbiome based on the provided text.

Bacteria

Single-celled microscopic organisms that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles, serving as the chief inhabitants of the human microbiome.

Flagella

Structures present on some species of bacteria that aid in motility.

Capsule

A gelatinous covering on some bacteria that prevents the cell from drying out and helps ward off attacks by larger microorganisms, such as white blood cells.

Peptidoglycan

A polysaccharide molecule that composes the rigid cell wall of bacteria.

Cell wall

A rigid structure composed of peptidoglycan that encloses the bacterium and gives the cell its shape.

Ribosomes

Cellular components within bacteria that synthesize proteins.

Plasmids

Small loops of DNA that can be transmitted from one bacterium to another, either directly or through viruses.

Cytoplasmic membrane

A membrane composed of phospholipids and proteins that regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

Pili

Small, hair-like projections present on many species of bacteria that allow them to attach to other cells and surfaces.