VBSC 421 Lecture Exam 3

Urinary, Repro, Cardiovascular : )

What embryonic germ layer does kidney come from?

Mesoderm

Kidney comes from nephric ridge and is considered what?

retroperitoneal

What 3 parts does the nephric ridge divide into?

Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros

“Neph” meaning

kidney

What makes the Opisthonephros?

Mesonephros and Metanephros

Metanephros and Mesonephros add to make this.

Opisthonephros

What are structures 1-3?

1. Renal Medulla

2. Renal Pelvis

3. Ureter

What are structures 4-6?

4. Renal Cortex

5. Rental Capsule

6. Hilus

Name for fibrous membrane covering the kidney.

Renal capsule

section of the kidney where glomeruli, PCT and DCT are located.

renal cortex

Section of kidney where loop of henle is?

renal medulla

section of kidney where urine collection ocurrs.

renal pelvis

transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder.

ureter

kidney entrance/exit

Hilus

kidney starts to develop where in embryo?

nephric ridge

in all vertebrate embryos. Degenerated and is non functional in higher vertebrates. Pronephric tubules and ducts.

pronephros

definite kidney in small fish. Simple urine for less complex body.

pronephros

definite kidney in adult fish and amphibians. becomes part of opisthonephros.

mesonephros

this part of the kidney degenerates in human embryo. fuses with pronephric duct distally.

mesonephros

duct of this becomes ureter. also part of functional opisthonephros

metanephros

becomes the definitive kidney in humans and higher vertebrates.

metanephros

stimulates kidney tubule formation

ureteric diverticulum

functional adult kidney in lamprey, most fish and amphibians

opisthonephros

in amniotes the embryo kidney is

mesonephros

in amniotes the adult kidney is

metanephros

function of the glomerulus

filtrations

section of kidney in cortex for filtration. surrounded by bowman’s capsule

glomerulus

What are the labeled strucutres.

1. bowmans capsule

2. glomerulus

glomerulus filters with what?

capillary beds

what are the parts of the kidney nephron?

Proximal Convoluted Tube, Intermediate Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tube

What part of the nephron goes into the kidney medulla?

Intermediate Loop of Henle

What part of the nephron goes in the cortex.

Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubule

What part of the kidney is this?

medulla

What shape is avian lobule?

cone-shaped medulla

Protein metabolism where ammonia is excreted directly.

ammoniotelic

What happens with ammoniotelic protein metabolism?

ammonia is directly excreted through gills and epithelium

protein metabolism where uric acid is secreted

uricotelic

what is uriotelic protein metabolsim?

uric acid secretion

birds and reptiles use this kind of urinary waste excretion?

uricotelic

What kind of urinary waste excretion do fish use?

ammoniotelic

urinary waste system where urea is excreeted?

ureotelic

What is ureotelic waste excretion?

ammonia is converted to urea for excretion

What kind of waste excretion do mammals use?

ureotelic

Which kind of urinary waste excretion is most effective for water conservation?

uricotelic

Which kind of urinary excretion uses the most water?

ammoniotelic

water flows into _____ and they so they constantly _____ water.

freshwater fish, excreting

Freshwater fish osmoregulation

water flows in so they need to excrete water

Saltwater fish osmoregulation

need for water conservation because water flows out

how do saltwater fish conserve water?

excrete salt through gills

Filtration kidney osmoregulation

resorb H2O from filtrate

Fish are osmotically tolerant, migrate between fresh and salt water. Complex kidney.

euryhaline

example of euryhaline fish

salmon

narrow osmotic range tolerance. Salt or fresh water.

stenohaline

example of stenohaline fish

gold fish

Reptiles and avians do not have what urinary structures.

urinary bladder

Ostriches have what structure that other birds do not?

urinary bladder

Who has a urinary bladder where ureter empties into bladder

mammals

Who has urinary bladder that is out pocket of cloaca

tetrapod

urinary bladder is end of urinary duct. non-cloacal

fish

descends into scrotum. Cremaster muscle

testis

thin layer of muscle that covers the testes and the spermatic cord. Involved in thermoregulation and proctection.

cremaster muscle

duct that connects testes to vas deferens. transfer and transport sperm

epididymis

starts at end of epididymis. Transport sperm to urethra.

vas deferens

Where do gonads form from?

genital ridge

What germ layer do gonads form from?

mesoderm

What germ layer do Germ cells (sperm/egg) from from?

endoderm

primary sex cords from from where?

gonad medulla

What does gonad medulla form?

primary sex cords

What forms from the primary sex cords?

seminiferous tubules in the testis

Where do seminiferous tubles form from?

primary sex cords

What forms from secondary sex cords?

follicles in ovary

Where do follicles in ovary form from?

secondary sex cords

What duct does vas deferens form from?

Mesonephric duct

What happens to mesonephric duct in males?

forms vas deferens

What happens to mesonephric duct in females?

regresses

What happens to metanephric duct in males?

forms ureter

What happens to metanephric duct in females?

forms ureter

What does metanephric duct always become?

ureter

What happens to mullerian duct in female?

forms oviduct, uterus, vagina

What happens to Mullerian duct in male?

regresses

What forms oviduct, uterus, vagina?

Mullerian duct

name for reproducing more than once

iteroparity

Define Iteroparity?

reproduce more than once

name for reproducing only once

semelparity

define semelparity.

reproduce once

Define Oviparity

egg develops outside repro tract

Name for egg development outside of the reproductive tract. Happens in birds and reptiles.

oviparity

Name for reproduction where young are born live. No placenta. Nutrients and gases pass through the yolk sac.

aplacental viviparity

Name for young born live. Placental exchange surface present. Happens in mammels.

Placental viviparity

Name for repro where egg develops in female repro tract and young are born live.

viviparity

What species has a single large ovary, shed eggs into coelom, no ducts.

lamprey

What species has paired ovary where only one develops?

sharks

What species can only have paired ovaries?

Amphibians

What species has paired ovaries and could or could not have shell glands?

amniotes

What is the site of internal fertilization?

oviduct

What is the terminal part of the oviduct?

Uterus

What species has a duplex uterus?

rodents and rabbits

What species has a bipartite uterus?

carnivores

What species has a simplex uterus?

primates

Which species has a bicornuate uterus?

ruminants