Virology Final Exam

2 types of herpesviruses in dogs

canine herpesvirus 1, pseudorabies

What viral pathogen causes fading puppy syndrome

CHV-1

During what age range are puppies at highest risk of disease with CHV-1

1-3 weeks

Clinical signs of CHV-1 in adult dogs

Respiratory infection: runny nose and cough

Reproductive infection: vesicles on vagina or prepuce, vaginitis, decreased fertility, abortion

Characterisitc cinical sign of fading puppy syndrome

Painful crying

CHV-1 prognosis in 1-3 week puppies

Death within 24-48 hours

Bitches infected with CHV-1 typically lose their first litter, but subsequent litters receive

maternal antibodies

How do puppies get infected with CHV-1

in utero and during whelping

What does CIRDC stand for

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex

What viruses make up CIRDC

CHV-1, CDV, adenovirus type 2, parainfluenza, canine influenza, canine respiratory coronavirus

What is another name for porcine herpesvirus 1

pseudorabies

What activity is pseudorabies infection in dogs associated with

hunting feral pigs

What is a characteristic clinical sign of pseudorabies

frenzy associated with intense pruritus

Infectious canine hepatitis refers to which virus

Adenovirus 1

What are the 3 forms of infectious canine hepatitis

Moderate form, severe form, sudden acute death form

Where does adenovirus 1 replicate in the body

Liver and vascular endothelium

After recovery from the moderate form of infectious canine hepatitis what is a common symptom

corneal opacity

Adenovirus 1 is rarely seen in the US except for

shelters

Where is adenovirus 1 shed

urine

Transmission of adenovirus 1

Ingestion or inhalation of virus in bodily secretions

Where does adenovirus 1 replicate 1st before traveling to the liver and vascular endothelium

Tonsils and regional lymph nodes

How long after recovery from an adenovirus 1 infection can dogs shed the virus in their urine

6-9 months

Which adenovirus type is used in vaccines to cross-protect against both viruses

adenovirus-2

Why have adenovirus-1 vaccines been taken off the market

Risk of blue-eye reactions and the cross-protection of adenovirus-2

Herpesvirus causes what kind of infection

Latent-recurrent

Adenovirus-1 causes what kind of infection

Chronic

Characteristic clinical sign of CAV-2

Dry, hacking, productive cough

CAV-2 causes

canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis should be suspected when signs show up how long after exposure

5-10 days

Do to the infective nature of CAV-2, what should be done after diagnosis

Isolation from other dogs

CAV-2 forms what in bronchial epithelium

large intranuclear inclusion bodies

Canine papillomavirus causes what kind of lesion

Florid warts most commonly in the mouth

How is canine papillomavirus spread

Direct contact

Canine papillomavirus functions as a measure of

immune function

Where does canine papillomavirus divide

terminally differentiated keratinocytes

What type of cancer is canine papillomavirus associated with

squamous cell carcinoma

Canine parvovirus 2 is very resistant in the environment and requires what kinds of disinfectants to kill it

sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, potassium peroxymonosulfate, and accelerated hydrogen peroxide

CPV-2 only replicates in

dividing cells

CPV-2 is believed to have evolved from what virus

feline panleukopenia

Feline panleukopenia was unable to bind to what kind of receptor in dog cells

transferrin receptors

Transmission of CPV-2

fecal-oral

Before attacking crypt cells of the SI, CPV-2 replicates in what tissues

tonsils and lymph nodes

CPV-2 causes what kind of infection

Acute self-limiting

Myocardial disease in puppies less than 8 weeks old is seen in the systemic effects of which virus

CPV-2

What animals are at highest risk for CPV-2

puppies weaning-6 months of age and unvaccinated animals

What kind of vaccine is available for CPV-2

MLV

Clinical signs of canine parvovirus 2

Bloody diarrhea and vomiting, anorexia, fever, depression, dehydration

Hyperimmune serum used in the treatment of CPV-2 uses

monoclonal antibodies

Canine coronavirus infects cells covering

upper 2/3 of SI villi

Pathogenesis of canine coronavirus

villous atrophy in SI decreases ability to effectively absorb nurients

Clinical signs indicative of canine coronavirus

loose orange stool with a fetid odor

Unlike CPV-2 that multiplies in dividing crypt cells of the SI, canine coronavirus multiplies in

mature cells of the SI

Canine coronavirus causes what kind of infection

acute, self-limiting

Why is disease caused by canine coronavirus typically mild

damage caused to intestinal villi heals within 1 week

Canine coronavirus causes severe disease when

coinfected with another virus like CPV-2

What percentage of dogs have measurable antibodies against canine coronavirus

70%

How long can dogs shed virus after infection with CCoV

2 weeks

How long can dogs be carriers of CCoV

6 months

How is CCoV different from SARS-CoV-2

CCoV does not infect people and causes mild enteritis in dogs

What are 2 canine paramyxoviruses

Canine parainfluenza virus and canine distemper virus

CDV is closely related to what human virus

measles

CDV is multisystemic, which body systems does it affect

Respiratory, GI, CNS

What is the most common cause of seizures in dogs less than 6 months of age

canine distemper virus

What is the predominant effect of CDV infection

immunosuppression

CDV initially infects alveolar macrophages in the respiratory epithelium before spreading to

mononuclear cells of the bronchial lymph nodes and tonsils

Why are clinical signs of CDV absent for the first week after exposure

the virus is being carried in lymphocytes in the blood

What is a characteristic sign of CDV

gum smacking

What kind of infection does CDV cause

acute infection with rare late complications

What are some long term issues associated with CDV infection

Seizures, tear deficiency, hard pad disease, chorioretinitis with scarring, enamel deposition issues

Surface proteins of influenza virus

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

CIV in greyhounds causes

acute hemorrhagic pneumonia and death

CIV is associated with rapid spread in

racing kennels, boarding facilities, and shelters

What are the 2 most important strains of canine influenza virus

H3N2 and H3N8

Is Tamiflu recommended for treatment of CIV

No, most dogs recover on their own and there is a risk of antiviral resistance

What are the major rabies variants in the US

Raccoon, skunk, fox, and bat

Are dogs or cats more likely to be infected with rabies in the US

cats

What kind of infection is caused by rabies virus

acute, self-limiting

When rabies infects the limbic system in dogs what symptoms does it cause

restlessness, hypersensitivity, hydrophobia, inability to swallow, blood in vomit, hypersexuality

Where does rabies virus multiply within the body

at the site of exposure

Average incubation period for rabies

3-12 weeks

Prodromal shedding of rabies virus occurs

2-3 days before clinical disease

Negri bodies in the brain are indicative of what virus

rabies

What kind of vaccines are used for rabies in dogs

killed (inactivated) vaccines

What are the canine core vaccines

CDV, CPV-2, adenovirus-2, rabies

Transmission of rabies

bite and mucosal exposure

Canine acute enteric disease, any age, fecal contamination

CPV-2

Canine neurological signs, salivation, aggression

rabies

Canine rapidly spreading respiratory disease, aerosols, fever, cough, death

CIV

Canine mucopurulent discharge, 6 months-adult, aerosols, neurological, gumming behavior, old-age encephalitis

CDV

Canine rapidly fatal, 1-3 week old puppies, genital secretions from bitch

CHV

Cowpox is a FAD seen in what predator-prey couple in Europe

rodents and cats

Cowpox is characterized by

tumor-like proliferative lesions

What virus causes rhinotracheitis in cats

feline herpesvirus 1

What viruses contribute to feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease

herpes and caliciviruses

What clinical signs of rhinotracheitis allow you to differentiate it from calicivirus

conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers

What are the most common symptoms associated with feline herpesvirus 1

pharyngitis and rhinitis

3 types of disease caused by calicivirus

respiratory, lymphoreticular, and virulent systemic

Respiratory type calicivirus is characterized by what clinical signs

tongue, gingiva, and hard palate ulcers with dyspnea lasting up to 1 week

Lymphoreticular type calicivirus causes

stiffness, limping, soreness, and fever in kittens 4-10 weeks old

Lymphoreticular calicivirus infects what kind of tissue

splenic reticuloendothelial tissue and synovial tissue