Ch. 10: Synthetic Materials

The term synthetic denotes materials made with ______________________ as opposed to natural materials.

human intervention

__________________ are made with significant amounts of renewable plant materials such as cellulose and starch.

Bioplastics

Most synthetic materials are based on the carbon atom and are derived from ________________________ made from petroleum or natural gas.

petrochemicals

Plastics are poor electrical conductors and exhibit a high level of ______________________________.

thermal expansions

Synthetic plastics are made of synthetic resins in combination with ___________________, _______________________, _______________________, ______________________ and other materials.

fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, pigments

Which synthetic resin adds properties such as durability or heat resistance?

Fillers

Which synthetic resin increases resistance to ultraviolet rays, oxygen, and other environmental chemicals?

Stabilizers

Which synthetic resin increases flexibility, resiliency, and impact resistance?

Plasticizers

All synthetic plastics are ___________________ and most emit noxious fumes in fires.

Combustible

______________ was developed from cellulose to imitate silk fiber in 1891.

Rayon

According to the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory, there are over________________ chemical substances listed with the EPA as manufactured in the U.S.

84,000

Synthetic materials can last for hundreds of years and pollute both the _________ and the________________________________.

land; marine environment

One major VOC irritant is ___________________________, a colorless, strong-smelling gas used in themanufacture of synthetic resins and dyes, and as s preservative and disinfectant.

formaldehyde

Evidence indicates that _______________ may possess liver toxicity, thyroid toxicity, and neurodevelopmentaltoxicity.

PBDE’s

Plastics are categorized as two basic types _____________________ and ________________________.

thermoplastic; thermoset

Which type of plastic becomes soft when heated and can be remolded repeatedly?

thermoplastic

Which type of plastic is permanently hardened and cannot be softened and remolded?

thermoset

Nylon, acrylics, polyesters, vinyls, are considered which type of plastic?

thermoplastics

_____________ are very clear, hard, lightweight thermoplastics

acrylics

___________________ are combustible at high temperatures, but tend to shrink away from flames and self-extinguish.

polyesters

Which is the best-known vinyl that is strong and durable?

polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

________________, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride, is recognized as a human carcinogen by the EPA.

Vinyl Chloride

Which plastic is resistant to chemicals, UV light, impact and abrasion?

Nylon

What are the two main types of elastomers? _____________ and _____________

natural rubber and synthetic rubber

What is made with polyester resin, and used in sanitary surfaces, bathrooms and kitchens?

giberglass reinforced plastic (FRP)

top-

middle-

bottom-

top- melamine overlay

middle- decorative paper

bottom- kraft paper layers

_________________are made of polymeric resins and are used on countertops, sinks, bathtubs and showers.

solid surfaces