Anitbiotics

Amikacin

aminoglycoside (30s ribosome subunit binding - cidal) - concentration dependent

Renal excretion - bone, heart, gallbladder, lung(parenteral)

staph and gram negative infections

second line for UTIs

nephrotoxic, (ototoxic) cochlear damage, neuromuscular blockade

Amoxicillin

Beta-lactam- (disrupts cell wall synthesis) bacteriocidal - time dependent

renal elimination

Gram positives/anearobes

Bacterial cystitis, strep infections, combine with fuorquins or aminoglycs for broad spectrum

Hypersensitivity, GI disturbance, neurotoxicity at high chronic dose, dont use in small mammals

Amoxicillin- clavulanate

Beta-lactam- (disrupts cell wall synthesis) bacteriocidal - time dependent

renal elimination, many tissues, low levels in CNS prostate and eye

Bacterial cysitis, skin and soft tissue infections, resp tract, canine periodontal disease

GI disturbance, neurotoxic with high doses

Ampicillin

Beta-lactam- (disrupts cell wall synthesis) bacteriocidal - time dependent

renal elimination,

Resp infections, skin and soft tissue, perioperative prophylaxis, combined with drugs with better gram negative coverage

Don’t give orally, no small mammal hind gut fermenters (enteritis, clostridial enterotoxemia)

Ampicillin - sulbactam

Beta-lactam- (disrupts cell wall synthesis) bacteriocidal - time dependent

renal elimination,

Soft tissue and UTI, surgical prophylaxis (when you can’t use cephalosporin), Good gram positive coverage

Don’t give orally, no small mammal hind gut fermenters (enteritis, clostridial enterotoxemia)

Azithromycin

Macrolide - (50s subunit reversibly) Bacteriostatic, time or conc depending on organism, lipid soluble, bile elimination

Better concentration than erythromycin, ocular penetration, gram positives, negatives, rickettsial, some parasites

GI upset, cardiotoxic (better than other macrolides), anhidrosis in foals

Bactracin

Polypeptide - cell wall synthesis,

Gram positives- topical for minor wound infections, ophtho or otic

Cefazolin

1st gen Cephalosporin - cell wall synthesis, time dependent, urine excretion

surgical prophylaxis - skin, soft tissue, UTI

Hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, not in small mammals, adjust in renal deficient patients

Ceftiofur

3rd gen cephalosporin time dependent, large animal, renal excretion

respiratory disease, Bovine interfigital necrobacillosis (foot rot, podo) canine UTI

Hypersensitivity reactions

cephalexin

1st gen cephalosporin time dependent, bactericidal renal excretion

Superficial pyoderma, staph

GI upset, hypersensitivity, lethargy, pruritus, salivation, tachypnea, excitability in dogs, emesis and fever in cats, no small mammals/rodents

Chloramphenicol

fenicol - 50s subunit binding time dependent bacteriostatic, broad spectrum

multidrug resistant bacteria, high levels in kidney and liver, diffuses into milk and placenta, hepatic clearance

aplastic anemia, no pregnant anials, nursing animals, GI upset and anorexia

Clindamycin

Lincosamide - 50s subunit binding

Placenta penetration, and milk distribution, liver metabolism

Skin infections, dental infections, osteomyelitis,

Don’t use in herbivores (large or small animal)

Doxycycline

Tetracycline - 30s subunit - liver clearance

Lipid soluble, good penetration

Broad coverage, intracellular bacteria, spirochetes,

GI Upset, esophageal stricture (cats), cardiac arrhythmias/collapse/death IV in horses, edema, sunlight sensitivity

Enrofloxacin

Fluoroquinolones - DNA synthesis, bacteriocidal concentration dependent, renal

Gram negatives

GI upset, cat ocular toxicity(renal degeneration), cartilage damage to young animals, elevated hepatic enzyes, ataxia, seizures, crystalluria,

Erythromycin

Macrolide - (50s subunit reversibly) Bacteriostatic, time or conc depending on organism, lipid soluble, bile elimination

Gram positives

Dont use in hindgut fermenters, resp distress, hyperthermia and gastroenteritis in foals

Florfenicol

Fenicol- 50s subunit binding time dependent bacteriostatic, broad spectrum

anorexia, decreased water consumption, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, LA only, no Dairy cattle

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside (30s ribosome subunit binding - cidal) - concentration dependent

Renal excretion

Gram negatives

Nephrotoxicity, vestibulocochlear toxicity, neuromuscular blockade

Aminoglycosides

Gram negatives - 30s subunit

Concentration, cidal

(gentamicin, amikacin) nephrotoxic, ototoxic

Penicillins

Gram positives, anaerobes, - cell wall synthesis

time dependent,

cidal

Cephalosporins

Gram positives (gram negatives for later gens), anearobes

time dependent

cidal

Lincosamides

Gram positives, anearobes - 50s subunit

Static

No horses

Fenicols

Positive, negatie, anearobes- 50s subunit

Static, time

Aplastic anemia

Fluroquinolones

Gram negatives- DNA replication

Concentration, cidal

Cartilage in young animals

tetracyclines

Gram positives, negatives, intracellular, - 30s subunit

Static, time

Nephrotoxic, esophageal stricture, discoloration of teeth, GI upset

Macrolides

Gram positives anearobes - 50s subunit

static, time

Rifampin

Gram positives- inhibits RNA polymerase

Cidal, time

Rhodococcus equi (combine with macrolide)

Metronidazole

Anearobes, protozoa, - DNA breakage

Cidal, concentration

Neurologic effects(weakness, ataxia, vestibular signs) anorexia

Trimethoprim/Sulfonamide

Gram positive, negative, anearobes - folate synthesis

Cidal (when combined) time