Basic Information

Which of the following are functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Select all that apply.

A. Providing structural support

B. Storing minerals

C. Producing blood cells

D. Protecting body organs

E. Providing leverage and movement

F. Preventing all falls

Providing structural support, Storing minerals, Producing blood cells, Protecting body organs, Providing leverage and movement

What can happen to bones when a person experiences immobility?

A. Bones become stronger and harder.

B. Bone is resorbed, increasing the risk of fractures and falls.

C. Bones stop storing minerals permanently.

D. Bone cells begin producing fewer organs.

Bone is resorbed, increasing the risk of fractures and falls.

Which function of the musculoskeletal system helps keep your brain safe?

A. Storage of minerals

B. Production of blood cells

C. Protection of body organs

D. Providing leverage and movement

Protection of body organs

What does bone resorption mean in your study guide?

A. The body breaks down bone tissue.

B. The body produces blood cells.

C. The bones provide leverage for movement.

D. The bones protect the body's organs.

The body breaks down bone tissue.

According to your study guide, which law is connected to changes in bone when a person experiences immobility or bone loss?

A. Newton’s law

B. Wolff’s law

C. Boyle’s law

D. Ohm’s law

Wolff’s law

Which of the following can happen when musculoskeletal function is affected by immobility or bone loss?

Select all that apply.

A. Bone resorption can occur.

B. The risk of fractures can increase.

C. The risk of falls can increase.

D. Bones are guaranteed to become stronger.

Bone resorption can occur, The risk of fractures can increase, The risk of falls can increase

What is an osteon?

A. A cell that breaks down bone

B. The basic unit of bone

C. A blood vessel

D. A mature osteoblast

The basic unit of bone

What is the function of Haversian canals?

A. Break down old bone

B. Form new bone

C. Allow nutrients from blood vessels to reach osteocytes

D. Regulate estrogen secretion

Allow nutrients from blood vessels to reach osteocytes

What is the main function of osteoblasts?

A. Break down old bone

B. Build bone and help with growth and repair

C. Carry nutrients through Haversian canals

D. Tear down excess bone only

Build bone and help with growth and repair

What helps regulate osteoblasts?

A. Estrogen

B. Haversian canals

C. Osteoclasts

D. Osteons

Estrogen

What are osteocytes?

A. Cells that break down bone

B. Mature osteoblasts

C. The basic unit of bone

D. Passageways for nutrients

Mature osteoblasts

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

A. Build new bone

B. Help nutrients reach osteocytes

C. Break down old or excess bone

D. Help bone grow and repair

Break down old or excess bone

Which type of bone is spongy and made of thin plates?

A. Cortical bone

B. Periosteum

C. Cancellous bone

D. Osteoblasts

Cancellous bone

Which type of bone is solid and dense in structure?

A. Cancellous bone

B. Cortical bone

C. Periosteum

D. Osteocytes

Cortical bone

Which structure covers the entire bone except for the ends?

A. Cancellous bone

B. Cortical bone

C. Periosteum

D. Haversian canals

Periosteum

What does it mean that the periosteum is vascular?

A. It contains blood vessels.

B. It is solid and dense.

C. It is made of thin plates.

D. It breaks down old bone.

It contains blood vessels.

What does the inner layer of the periosteum contain?

A. Osteoclasts only

B. Thin plates of spongy bone

C. Osteoblasts

D. Compact bone only

Osteoblasts

According to your notes, what is a characteristic of cancellous bone?

A. It is solid and dense.

B. It covers the entire bone except the ends.

C. It is spongy, made of thin plates, and accommodates loads.

D. Its inner layer contains osteoblasts.

It is spongy, made of thin plates, and accommodates loads

What does this picture indicate?

Long bone (Femur-thigh bone)

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

A. The shaft of the bone

B. The ends of the bone

C. The opening for blood vessels

D. The covering of the bone

The ends of the bone

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

A. The ends of the bone

B. The cartilage covering the ends

C. The shaft of the bone

D. The line or plate between bone regions

The shaft of the bone

Which of the following are parts of the epiphysis (ends) of a long bone?

A. Articular cartilage

B. Epiphyseal line or plate

C. Spongy bone (cancellous/trabecular) bone

D. Medullary cavity

E. Nutrient foramen

Articular cartilage, Epiphyseal line or plate, Spongy bone

Select all that apply. Which structures are listed as parts of the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone?

A. Compact bone

B. Nutrient foramen

C. Endosteum

D. Periosteum

E. Articular cartilage

Compact bone, Nutrient foramen, Endosteum, Periosteum

Which structure is the opening listed in the diaphysis that allows entry for blood vessels?

A. Epiphyseal line

B. Nutrient foramen

C. Articular cartilage

D. Medullary cavity

Nutrient foramen

What is Wolff’s Law?

A. Bone is laid down where it is needed and resorbed where it is not needed.

B. Bone is laid down only when a person is on bedrest.

C. Bone is resorbed where it is needed and laid down where it is not needed.

D. Bone remains unchanged when stress changes.

Bone is laid down where it is needed and resorbed where it is not needed.

Select all that apply. According to your notes, what happens when a person is immobilized or on bedrest?

A. The bone is not subjected to stress.

B. Osteoclast activity increases.

C. The risk of fractures and falls increases.

D. Osteoclast activity decreases.

The bone is not subjected to stress, Osteoclast activity increases, The risk of fractures and falls increases

A person is on bedrest and their bones are not being subjected to stress. According to your notes, which cell activity increases?

A. Osteoblast activity, which forms bone.

B. Osteoclast activity, which resorbs bone.

C. Both activities decrease.

D. Neither activity changes.

Osteoclast activity, which resorbs bone

Select all that apply. According to your notes, what are the risks associated with immobilization or bedrest?

A. Increased risk of fractures.

B. Increased risk of falls.

C. Decreased osteoclast activity.

D. Bones are not subjected to stress.

Increased risk of fractures, Increased risk of falls

Select all that apply.

Why is Wolff’s Law important, according to your notes?

A. Immobilization increases bone-resorbing activity, raising the risk of fractures and falls.

B. Immobilization increases stress on bones and prevents bone resorption.

C. Osteoclasts build new bone when a person is on bedrest.

D. Bedrest eliminates the risk of fractures and falls.

Immobilization increases bone-resorbing activity, raising the risk of fractures and falls.

Which statement correctly describes cartilage?

A. It connects muscles to bones and allows movement.

B. It connects bones to bones and stabilizes joints.

C. It is dense connective tissue that supports, shapes, and cushions body structures and is avascular.

D. It is a small sac of synovial fluid located in areas of high friction.

It is dense connective tissue that supports, shapes, and cushions body structures and is avascular

What do tendons connect?

A. Bones to bones
B. Muscles to bones
C. Ligaments to cartilage
D. Bursae to joints

Muscles to bones

What is the main function of ligaments?

A. Connect muscles to bones and allow movement.

B. Cushion body structures and provide blood supply.

C. Connect bones to bones and provide stability to joints.

D. Produce synovial fluid to move muscles.

Connect bones to bones and provide stability to joints

Select all that apply.

Which statements describe bursae?

A. They are small sacs containing synovial fluid.

B. They are located in areas of high friction.

C. They act as cushions.

D. They connect muscles to bones.

They are small sacs containing synovial fluid, They are located in areas of high friction, They act as cushions

What is the priority in a trauma assessment?

A. Obtain the patient's occupation and past medical history first.

B. Assess the ABCDEs first.

C. Ask about over-the-counter supplements first.

D. Assess the patient's age and gender first.

Assess the ABCDEs first

What does the letter C stand for in the ABCDE trauma assessment?

A. Cartilage
B. Circulation
C. Consciousness
D. Compression

Circulation

Select all that apply.

According to your notes, which medications or substances are important to consider when taking a trauma patient's history?

A. Steroids
B. Over-the-counter supplements
C. Anticoagulants
D. Antibiotics
E. Antacids

Steroids, Over-the-counter supplements, Anticoagulants

Select all that apply.

Which information should be included in the patient's history?

A. Age and gender
B. Occupation
C. Current and previous health status
D. Nature of the problem
E. Past history
F. Favorite food

Age and gender, Occupation, Current and previous health status, Nature of the problem, Past history

A student confuses tendons and ligaments. Which statements are correct?

Select all that apply.

A. Tendons connect muscles to bones.

B. Ligaments connect bones to bones.

C. Tendons provide stability to joints by connecting bones to bones.

D. Ligaments provide stability to joints.

Tendons connect muscles to bones, Ligaments connect bones to bones, Ligaments provide stability to joints

Which statements are correct?

A. Cartilage is avascular.
B. Bursae contain synovial fluid.
C. Cartilage supports, shapes, and cushions body structures.
D. Bursae are found in areas of high friction and act as cushions.
E. Cartilage connects muscles to bones.

Cartilage is avascular, Bursae contain synovial fluid, Cartilage supports, shapes, and cushions body structures, Bursae are found in areas of high friction and act as cushions