ATI TEAS 7 Science: Chemistry, Biology, Cells, Microbiology, Anatomy & Physiology

Proton

Positive

Neutron

Neutral

Electron

Negative

Atomic number

# of protons

Mass number

Protons + neutrons

s orbital

2 electrons

p orbital

6 electrons

d orbital

10 electrons

f orbital

14 electrons

Ionic bond

Transfer electrons

Covalent bond

Share electrons

Hydrogen bond

Weak attraction

Acid

pH < 7

Neutral

pH = 7

Base

pH > 7

Solute

Substance dissolved

Solvent

Dissolves substance

Carbohydrates

Quick energy

Lipids

Fats/energy storage

Proteins

Structure/enzymes

Nucleic acids

DNA/RNA

Photosynthesis

Plants make glucose.

Cellular Respiration

Cells make ATP/energy.

DNA

Double strand

RNA

Single strand

Dominant trait

Stronger trait

Recessive trait

Weaker trait

Genotype

Genes

Phenotype

Physical appearance

Homozygous

Same alleles

Heterozygous

Different alleles

Mitosis

Makes 2 identical body cells

Meiosis

Makes sex cells

Natural Selection

Helpful traits survive and reproduce.

Osmosis

Water moves from high water concentration to low.

Diffusion

Molecules move high → low concentration.

Active Transport

Requires ATP/energy.

Nucleus

Control center

Mitochondria

ATP/energy

Ribosome

Protein synthesis

Lysosome

Waste breakdown

Cell membrane

Controls entry/exit

Cytoplasm

Jelly fluid

Golgi apparatus

Packages proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum

Transport system

Cell Theory

All living things made of cells

Prokaryotes

No nucleus

Eukaryotes

Have nucleus

Viruses

Need host to reproduce

Immunity

Antibodies fight pathogens

Vaccines

Create immunity

Heart

Pumps blood

Arteries

Carry blood AWAY

Veins

Carry blood TO heart

Capillaries

Gas exchange

Left ventricle

Strongest chamber

RBC

Oxygen

WBC

Immunity

Platelets

Clotting

Plasma

Liquid portion

Heart Blood Flow

Body → vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body

Lungs

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Alveoli

Gas exchange

Diaphragm

Helps breathing

Trachea

Windpipe

Food path

Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum

Stomach

Digestion

Small intestine

Nutrient absorption

Large intestine

Water absorption

Liver

Detoxification/bile

Pancreas

Digestive enzymes

Nervous System

Brain/spinal cord

Neurons

Send signals

CNS

Brain + spinal cord

PNS

Nerves

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight or flight

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Rest and digest

Pituitary gland

Master gland

Thyroid gland

Metabolism

Adrenal glands

Stress hormones

Insulin

Lowers blood sugar

Glucagon

Raises blood sugar

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary

Smooth muscle

Involuntary

Cardiac muscle

Heart muscle

Bones

Support/protect

Bone marrow

Makes blood cells

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Axial skeleton

Skull/spine/ribs

Appendicular skeleton

Limbs

Immune System

Fights infection

Lymph nodes

Filter fluid

Spleen

Filters blood

T cells/B cells

Fight pathogens

Kidneys

Filter blood

Nephrons

Filter urine

Bladder

Stores urine

Ovaries

Eggs

Uterus

Fetus development