Greece II

Etymology

The study of the origin and meaning of words.

Epistemology

The study of how knowledge is acquired.

Empiricism

Data/evidence-based approach to knowledge.

Rationalism

The rational reason for something, involving logical deductions.

Induction

The process used to learn new things by creating rules.

Pythagoras

Philosopher who argued that 'the nature of the world is mathematical, everything is math'.

The Sophists

A group of philosophers in Athens known for their belief that man is the measure of all things.

Socratic Method

A form of examination involving asking questions to show completeness and self-reflection.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave

A metaphor for enlightenment, where those who escape the cave represent the knowledgeable leaders.

Eudaimonia

Existential happiness; understanding why one exists.

Telos

The end or purpose of a thing.

Prime Mover

Aristotle's term for God, representing the initial cause of movement.

Aristotle’s Golden Mean

Aristotle’s principle of achieving balance between deficiency and excess.

Delian League

An alliance between Greek states formed to continue the fight against Persia.

Cimon

A leader who was pro-Sparta and tried to maintain relations with them.

Pericles

Athenian leader known for his role during the Delian League and the Athenian Empire expansion.

The 30 Year Peace Treaty

Signed between Athens and Sparta in 445 BC; ultimately ineffective.

Stategoi

The generals in ancient Athens.

Demagogue

Leader who is persuasive and charismatic with no political experience

Aristole’’s belief

Everything has a purpose; totally secure as to why you exist

Plato’s belief

Reality is beyond this world; reality v appearance

Socrates’ belief

abstract questions, questioning everything; realization, examination

Alexander the Great

Macedonian king renowned for his strategic brilliance and efforts to spread Greek culture throughout his conquests, which included regions of Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India.

Battle of Granicus

334 BC-Alexander attacks Darius on the hill at night, catching Persians off guard

Battle of Issus

333-Alexander throws spear at Darius; Darius runs; Persian follow

Battle of Gaugamela

331-Darius tries to protect; creates hole; Darius runs again; Persians follow

Archimedes

Inventor and scientist

Epicureanism

Happiness comes from friendship/reletionships

Stoicism

Harmony with the divine will